DOC and Ammonium Removal Processes in Slow Sand FIlters - Influence of Grain Size and Flow Rate

Slow sand filters (SSFs) are essential for ensuring microbial quality and biological stability of drinking water in the Netherlands. However, gaps exist in understanding of removal processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonium and the effects of grain size, loading rate, and backwashing on removal in SSFs.<br/>Four lab-scale SSF...

Genomic profiles and removal mechanisms explain the observed stratification of Fe²⁺, NH₄⁺ and Mn²⁺ removal in rapid sand filters

Groundwater is an excellent source for the production of drinking water due to its low concentration of microorganisms and contaminants. The main contaminants present in groundwater are iron, ammonium and manganese, which are sequentially removed in rapid sand filters by a combination of biological and chemical processes. Currently, limited...

Fluidization behavior of granular activated carbon: For drinking water treatment applications

For drinking water treatment applications, it is possible to predict the external porosity of an expanded bed of granular activated carbon in fluidized conditions. A new model has been developed with a 2% relative prediction error. <br/><br/>In order to supply sufficient and safe drinking water, water utilities use a treatment train consisting...

Preliminary Study of PDAM Tirtawening Water Treatment Plant, Bandung, Indonesia for Sustainable Production Capacity

In this study, the raw water intake, transmission pipeline and the PDAM Badaksinga Treatment Plant in the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia was researched in order to evaluate the increase of capacity of Treatment Plant in order to satisfy the water demand of the citizens of Bandung. For this purpose water quality and flow measurements...

Grinded Dutch calcite as seeding material in the pellet softening process

Calcium carbonate pellets are produced as a by-product in the softening process. In The Netherlands, these pellets are applied as a raw material in several industrial and agricultural processes. The sand grain inside the pellet hinders the application in some high potential market segments such as paper and glass. Earlier work showed that it is...