Comparative study of SBOAs on the tuning procedure of the designed SMPI controller for MIMO VSP/HVDC interconnected model

This paper presents a new application of advanced SMPI controller for a newly introduced interconnected dynamic system with VSP based HVDC links for frequency control problem. This work presents an outgrowth of analysis about the Swarm – Based Optimization Algorithms (SBOAs) in the tuning process of Multivariable Proportional – Integral (MPI)...

A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Based Method for FAPR Compliance Testing of the Wind Turbine Converters Control

A task for new power generation technologies, interfaced to the electrical grid by power electronic converters, is to stiffen the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) at the initial few milliseconds (ms) after any variation of active power balance. This task is defined in this article as fast active power regulation (FAPR), a generic definition...

Fast Active Power-Frequency Support Methods by Large Scale Electrolyzers for Multi-Energy Systems

This paper presents a comparative assessment of fast active power regulation (FAPR) control strategies implemented on megawatt-scale controllable electrolysers, with the goal of achieving enhanced frequency support during large active power imbalances that lead to major under-frequency deviations. The FAPR control strategies consist of three...

FAPI Controller for Frequency Support in Low-Inertia Power Systems

This paper presents different forms of Fast Active Power Injection (FAPI) control schemes for the analysis and development of different mitigation measures to address the frequency stability problem due to the growth of the penetration level of the Power Electronic Interfaced Generation (PEIG) in sustainable interconnected energy systems. Among...

Implementation and Performance Assessment of Fast Active Power Injection Method for Type 4 Wind Turbine based on Real-time Simulation

This paper deals with the implementation of a Fast Active Power Injection (FAPI) controller in a Type-4 Wind Turbine. Two different FAPI controllers, droop-based and a modified derivative-based controller are proposed and investigated under real-time simulation platform. The implementation is done in a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) by...

A Key Performance Indicator to Assess the Frequency Stability of Wind Generation Dominated Power System

High penetration of power electronic interfaced generation, like wind power, has an essential impact on the inertia of the interconnected power system. It can pose a significant threat to the frequency stability. This paper introduces the notion of the key performance indicator (KPI) and illustrates its application on large scale power systems,...

Determination of Maximum Wind Power Penetration Considering Wind Turbine Fast Frequency Response

This paper presents a study based on sensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of fast frequency response (FFR) capability of type 4 wind turbine units on the overall frequency performance of interconnected power systems with low inertia. FFR capability is implemented by means of a control loop for inertia emulation (IE), which is...

Small-signal modelling and stability analysis of a traditional generation unit and a virtual synchronous machine in grid-connected operation

The virtual synchronous machine (VSM) concept has emerged as an approach to provide flexible distributed control of power electronic converters interfacing distributed energy resources with the grid. It supports power system operation by providing ancillary services, and facilitates a seamless transition between grid-connected and islanded...