Molecular Simulations of Acid Gas Absorption into Aqueous Solvents

Molecular simulations predict the thermodynamic and transport properties by computing the interactions between the molecules in a system. These simulations offer practical alternatives to address challenges arising from experimental limitations in measuring Vapor-Liquid Equilibria (VLE) of acid gases at very low partial pressures and the...

The use of green H2 and sustainable carburization to Fe3C for the direct reduction of iron ore pellets

Steel manufacturing is a carbon intensive process, that is responsible for approximately 7% of the total global CO2 emissions. Therefore, TATA Steel IJmuiden aims to lower its carbon emissions. One way to bring down emissions, is to replace the existing blast furnace (BF) CO reduction process with the H2-based direct reduction of iron ore (DRI)....

Biogas-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Energy System for Rural Energy Supply: A field based study on the role of local materials on operation and capital system cost

Biomass is predominantly the major source of energy in the global south. It is the readily available source of energy in global south and is used in rural energy households in the form of wood, charcoal and agricultural residues. However, biomass energy source is not utilised in the most efficient way and hence there is still a gap in achieving...

The Weighty Challenge of Importing the Lightest Element: A techno-economic assessment of the dynamics between the first developing green hydrogen importing supply chains and domestic production by 2030

Green hydrogen is anticipated to be pivotal in the decarbonisation of global energy systems. For the Netherlands, both domestic production and imports of green hydrogen are believed to be needed for effective decarbonisation. Yet, significant uncertainty surrounds the cost discrepancy between domestic productions and initial imports, largely...

Integrating H₂ synthesis and Dynamic Error Budgetting for improved Gravitational Wave detection

Dynamic error budgets are an essential tool in identifying opportunities for improvements in a control system for Gravitational Wave detectors, but their potential is often not fully utilized in the control design. This paper presents a model and dynamic error budget for a challenging nested control system in the Advanced Virgo detector in...

Thermodynamic analysis of a zero-emission combustion cycle for energy transition

The power sector accounts for ∼40% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions. Its decarbonization by switching to low-carbon renewables is essential for a sustainable future. Existing electrical grids, however, have limited capacity to absorb the variability introduced by these new energy sources and rely largely on natural-gas-based...

Converting the LNG-Peakshaver to be fit for processing LH2: An LH2 import terminal

To reach the goals of the European Green Deal (CO2 emission reduction of 55% by 2030 and climate neutral by 2050), North-Western Europe has to import sustainable energy as locally produced renewable energy will not be sufficient to meet the total demand. This will be realised by importing green hydrogen from areas with a surplus of renewable...

The Impact of Gate Recess on the H₂ Detection Properties of Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT Sensors

The present work reports on the hydrogen gas detection properties of Pt-AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) sensors with recessed gate structure. Devices with gate recess depths from 5 to 15 nm were fabricated using a precision cyclic etching method, examined with AFM, STEM and EDS, and tested towards H2 response at high...

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based sensors for gas sensing applications

The rapid development and market growth of microelectronics technology continues to provide expanding connectivity, productivity, entertainment and well-being to billions of users globally. Moreover, continuous demand for more on-chip functionally presents an exciting opportunity for integration of various chemical sensors for monitoring...

Impact of high temperature H₂ pre-treatment on Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor for H₂S detection

In this paper, a method to extend the detection range of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas sensor is demonstrated. The sensor is based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Pt gate. It is observed that the as-fabricated devices exhibited sensing signal saturation at 30 ppm H₂S exposure in dry air. A pre...

Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT-sensor layout optimization for enhancement of hydrogen detection

This paper reports on the layout optimization of Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT-sensors for enhancing hydrogen sensor performance. Sensors with gate width and length ratios W_g/L_g from 0.25 to 10 were designed, fabricated and tested for the detection of hydrogen gas at 200 °C. Sensitivity, sensing current variation and transient...

Fault Detection and Isolation for Linear Dynamical Systems

Safety and reliability of a dynamical system is a concern that have always pursued designers in both academia and industry. Monitoring the health status of a system is even more relevant for safety critical applications, such as chemical and nuclear plants, medicine, transportation, and security systems. The occurrence of abnormal events on...

Development of a Quick Performance Assessment Method for Active Vibration Isolation Systems: Focusing on Photo-lithography Applications

The performance of high precision applications highly depend on the ability to reject mechanical disturbances. Extreme accuracies can only be achieved if the object can be isolated from its environment. Vibration isolation is the process of isolating an object from the source of vibration. In active vibration isolation, an entire instrument of...

Simulation of Pore Width and Pore Charge Effects on Selectivities of CO2 vs. H2 from a Syngas-like Mixture in Carbon Mesopores

Classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the effect of pore width and surface charge in carbon mesoporous materials on adsorption and diffusion selectivities of CO2/H2 in a syngas-like mixture (mole fraction of CO2 = 0.30). The pore width of the graphite slit varied from 2.5 to 5.0 nm, while the temperature varied from...

Selectivity and self-diffusion of CO2 and H2 in a mixture on a graphite surface

We performed classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand the mechanism of adsorption from a gas mixture of CO2 and H2 (mole fraction of CO2 = 0.30) and diffusion along a graphite surface, with the aim to help enrich industrial off-gases in CO2, separating out H2. The temperature of the system in the simulation covered typical...

Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economical Assessment of H2/CO2 Separation Using FricDiff Technology

The technology of FricDiff, an abbreviation of Frictional Diffusion, can be used to separate gases by adding a third gas, a so-called sweep gas, to the system. It is based on the diffusion difference of the feed molecules in the sweep gas. FricDiff is a proven principle and works at lab scale. The aim of the research is to study the technical...

Adaptive optics H2-optimal control design applied on an experimental setup

Most adaptive optics systems (AO) are based on a simple control law that is unable to account for the temporal evolution of the wavefront. In this paper, a recently proposed data-driven H2-optimal control approach is demonstrated on an AO laboratory setup. The proposed control approach does not assume any form of decoupling and can therefore...