Sub-increment Based Iterative Constitutive Model for Cyclic Cracking-Crushing-Shearing in Masonry Interface Elements

Masonry is one of the most commonly used construction materials for residential buildings and historic buildings around the world. Some of these buildings are located at seismic zones, while unreinforced masonry structures are vulnerable to seismic loads. To assess the existing masonry buildings and to design new masonry structures, nonlinear...