The Pr 3+ and Tb 3+ ground state locations in compounds obtained from thermoluminescence and intervalence charge transfer studies

The location of the lanthanide ground states with respect to the host valence band or to the vacuum level always follow characteristic zigzag patterns with the number of electrons q in the 4f orbital. The patterns that are used today evolved over the years by combining experimental data from different techniques, and they are in first...

Locating Energy Levels of Lanthanide Ions in Inorganic Ionic Compounds

Many phosphors nowadays are lanthanide (Ln) activated semi-conductor and insulator materials due to their serviceable luminescent properties. Few years ago, an empirical model for semi-conductor and insulator materials with an Ln activator has been developed that not only explains the optical properties of phosphors but helps as well to find...