Optimal design of rail level crossings and associated transition zones using adaptive surrogate-assisted optimization

Transition zones such as level crossing and bridge approaches are critical links in railway networks due to higher degradation rates and maintenance needs. In this context, parametric optimization has been applied to improve the design in transition zones; however, it requires a more computationally efficient tool to support repetitive...

Systems thinking approach for improving maintenance management of discrete rail assets: a review and future perspectives

Performance evaluation and maintenance planning are gaining importance with ageing rail infrastructure and increasing demand on track safety and continuous availability. The discrete/point railway assets (e.g. bridges, level crossings) together with extended track sections constitute the main railway network infrastructure. The former has...

Activity Dependent Multichannel ADC Architecture using Level Crossing Quantisation for Atrial Electrogram Recording

This paper presents a novel multichannel level-crossing (MLC) ADC architecture aimed at recording atrial electrograms from multiple channels. The proposed architecture combines synchronous sampling with level-crossing (LC) quantisation to achieve activity dependent operation while recording from multiple channels simultaneously. In the...

Multichannel LC ADC: to Record Atrial Electrograms

Biosignals such as electoencephalogram (EEG), electrocorticogram (ECoG), atrial electrogram (AEG) etc. are being recorded from multiple channels simultaneously to improve the spatial resolution of the signals. Conventional multichannel synchronous Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are used to convert the analog continuous time signals into...

Level-Crossing ADCs and Their Applications in Biomedical Readout Systems

This thesis describes the theory, design and implementation of levelcrossing ADCs and their system integration. The goal of this work is to explore methods at both the circuit level and the system level to improve the energy efficiency of LC-ADCs and integrate LC-ADCs in biomedical readout systems. Two single-bit capacitive LC-ADCs and an ECG...