Analysing the uncertain future of copper with three exploratory system dynamics models

High copper prices, the prospect of a transition to a more sustainable energy mix and increasing copper demands from emerging economies have not led to an in-creased attention to the base metal copper in mineral scarcity discussions. The copper system is well documented, but especially regarding the demand of copper many uncertainties exist. In...

A Quick Look into the Future: An exploratory study of plausible future trajectories of indium supply under deep uncertainty

Economic importance for the indium mineral has been growing in recent years and indium is usually referred to as one of the technology minerals. High tech industries use indium in their application because of the special properties: transparency and electrical conductivity. Indium demand has more than doubled in the last decade and is expected...

The uncertain future of copper: An Exploratory System Dynamics Model and Analysis of the global copper system in the next 40 years

High copper prices have not led to a place for this metal in the debate about mineral scarcity, while copper is a base metal which has many uses and is vital for developments in the energy transition. In this research the global copper system is examined from the perspective of the development of supply and demand and the effects structural and...