Identification of rare earth elements in synthetic and natural monazite and xenotime by visible-to-shortwave infrared reflectance spectroscopy

To support the role of proximal and remote sensing in geological rare earth element (REE) resource exploration, we studied the reflectance spectroscopy of synthetic single- and mixed-REE phosphate phases. Synthesis yielded monazite for the elements La to Gd, and xenotime for Dy to Lu and Y. Visible-to-shortwave infrared (350–2500 nm)...

On the role of intrinsic soil properties in flow liquefaction susceptibility

Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon in which an otherwise stiff, loosely packed, cohesionless soil loses its strength and behaves behaves like a viscous liquid in response to a change in stress conditions. This study focuses on liquefaction under monotonic load (i.e. static liquefaction) and not cyclic liquefaction. While the role of state...

Testing and Monitoring of Earth Structures

Monitoring structural behavior of earth structures during construction and in service is a common practice done for safety reasons, consolidation control and maintenance needs. Several are the techniques available for measuring displacements, water pressures and total stresses, not only in these geotechnical structures but also at their...

Residue sampling and characterization

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of techniques, instruments, and methods suitable for mine residue sampling and characterization, using the potential recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from bauxite residues as an example. The sampling methods address diverse strategies for assessing the suitability of CRMs recovery,...

Geometallurgical characterisation with portable ftir: Application to sediment‐hosted cu‐co ores

Cobalt (Co) mine production primarily originates from the sediment‐hosted copper (Cu) deposits of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These deposits usually consist of three ore zones with a supergene oxide ore blanket overlying a transition zone which grades into a sulphide zone at depth. Each of these zones display a mineral assemblage...

Effect of mineral fillers on ageing of bituminous mastics

Past research has shown that the ageing process of bitumen is not solely a function of the bitumen type itself, but rather, added effects have been identified attributed to the presence of fillers. Nevertheless, contradicting results exist between the various studies with respect to the implications of fillers on the ageing process of bitumen...

Experimental comparisons between one-part and normal (two-part) alkali-activated slag binders

One-part alkali-activated slag (AAS) binders are more promising in large-scale constructions because one-part mixing procedure is safer and easier to handle compared to normal two-part method. Thus, this study aims at investigating different properties of one-part AAS binders and control samples prepared using the two-part method. Experimental...

Factors controlling pore network development of thermally mature Early Palaeozoic mudstones from the Baltic Basin (N Poland)

Understanding the formation of pore space, especially in low porosity shales (as source rocks and as unconventional resources), is critical to the oil and gas industry, since pores control the space available for hydrocarbon and participate in hydrocarbon transport. We examined 87 Ordovician and Silurian mudstone samples collected from four...

Physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of Dutch fine recycled concrete aggregates: A comparative study

In circular concrete design, beside cement replacement with more environmentally friendly cement types, there is also an urgent need for sand replacement with fine recycled concrete aggregates (fRCA). The variations in physical and chemical properties of fRCA and lack of standards for their quality evaluation are the main reasons for not yet...

The effect of mineralogy and microstructure on sinter solid-state reduction

 Ironmaking in the blast furnace is a rather complex process, governed by the generation of multi-phases and fluid-flow conditions. It includes the reduction of iron ore pellet or sinter material towards producing metallic iron. The metallurgical behaviour of sinter and its reduction rate are controlled by its initial physical and chemical...

Effect of Mineral Fillers on Ageing of Bituminous Mixtures

Ageing of bitumen has been long-recognized as one of the major reasons responsible for the gradual deterioration of asphalt pavements. Age-hardening of the binder leads to the embrittlement of the overall asphalt mixture, which entails its increased susceptibility to traffic and environmental induced damage. As a result, high maintenance efforts...

Transboundary sediment transfer from source to sink using a mineralogical analysis. Case study: Roseires Reservoir, Blue Nile, Sudan

Sediment accumulation hampers optimal water resources management of reservoirs. In the Roseires Reservoir across the Blue Nile River, in Sudan, about 30% of the storage capacity has been lost by sedimentation before dam heightening (2012), despite regular sediment sluicing and flushing. At the same time, increasing soil erosion in the upper...

Carbonated water flooding: Process overview in the frame of co2 flooding

The main scope of the work related to the physical and dynamical processes associated with the injection of carbonated water in porous media. Carbonated water flooding is an alternative for traditional CO2 flooding. Both methods have the potential to recover any oil left behind after primary and secondary recovery while storing CO2 at the same...

Investigation of the processes causing the degradation of the sandstone used on the Thorn church based on mineralogical analysis

The rapid degradation of the Thorn-sandstone could be explained by the presence of organics or minerals such as swelling glauconite, oxidized glauconite or non-swelling clays sensitive to hydric variations despite being non-swelling. A variety of tests and observations have been carried out to identify the most likely process of degradation....

Microstructural and Mineralogical Analysis of Alkali Activated Fly Ash-Slag Pastes

The performances of alkali activated materials (AAM) are strongly related to their microstructures. The microstructure development is mainly affected by chemistry of the primary raw materials. In the present study the influence of different proportions of fly ash and slag (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100 wt.%, named S0, S30, S50, S70, S100,...