Evaluation of Membrane Integrity Monitoring Methods for Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes: Applicability in Gray Water Reclamation Systems

Source-separated gray water reclamation using nanofiltration as an advanced post-treatment option has received substantial interest in meeting the growing water demand. During reclamation, membrane integrity is crucial to ensure the water’s safety. This study evaluated several chemical and novel microbial indicators as indirect membrane...

Effect of fouling on removal of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration

The fate of chemical of concern is not yet fully understood during treatment of impaired waters. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of different organic-based fouling layers on the removal of a large range of trace organics. Both model and real water samples (mixed with trace organic contaminants at environmental concentration of 2 ?g...

Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Effects of Fouling, Modelling and Water Reuse

The book contains a description of the presence of micropollutants (medicines, hormones, pesticides) in surface water and shows that conventional water treatment poorly removes micropollutants. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are more appropriate technologies; however removals can vary depending on the properties of compounds and types of...

Biofouling of spiral wound membrane systems

Biofouling of spiral wound membrane systems High quality drinking water can be produced with membrane filtration processes like reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Because the global demand for fresh clean water is increasing, these membrane technologies will increase in importance in the coming decades. One of the most serious...

Rejection of organic micropollutants by high pressure membranes (NF/RO)

The presence of numerous organic micropollutants, such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and hormones, but also pesticides and industrial pollutants, in the sources for the drinking water supply, are a big concern for drinking water utilities. Even though not all pollutants are harmful to human health, less is known about the...