Sanawar, Huma (author), Bucs, Szilárd S. (author), Pot, Martin A. (author), Zlopasa, J. (author), Farhat, Nadia M. (author), Witkamp, Geert Jan (author), Kruithof, Joop C. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Vrouwenvelder, J.S. (author) Routine chemical cleaning with the combined use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is carried out as a means of biofouling control in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The novelty of the research presented herein is in the application of urea, instead of NaOH, as a chemical cleaning agent to full-scale spiral-wound RO...
journal article 2019
