Expectancy or Salience?—Replicating Senders’ Dial-Monitoring Experiments With a Gaze-Contingent Window

Introduction<br/>In the 1950s and 1960s, John Senders carried out a number of influential experiments on the monitoring of multidegree-of-freedom systems. In these experiments, participants were tasked with detecting events (threshold crossings) for multiple dials, each presenting a signal with different bandwidth. Senders’ analyses showed a...

Human factors of monitoring driving automation: Eyes and Scenes

This PhD thesis document is a collection of several of my published (and submitted) peer review journal articles from underneath the Human Factors of Automated Driving (HF Auto, PITN-GA-2013-605817) seventh framework program (FP7) of the European Commission. The topics include: human factors, automotive road safety, autonomous/automated driving...

Evaluation of a 3D Solution Space-based ATC Workload Metric

Air Traffic Control (ATC) workload is a limiting factor for air traffic growth, creating a need for objective ATC workload metrics. Previous research has shown that the solution space diagram can be a basis for a workload prediction metric. The current solution space metric however, does not incorporate altitude. In this paper, a 3D solution...

How to keep drivers engaged while supervising driving automation? A literature survey and categorisation of six solution areas

This work aimed to organise recommendations for keeping people engaged during human supervision of driving automation, encouraging a safe and acceptable introduction of automated driving systems. First, heuristic knowledge of human factors, ergonomics, and psychological theory was used to propose solution areas to human supervisory control...

A topology of shared control systems: Finding common ground in diversity

Shared control is an increasingly popular approach to facilitate control and communication between humans and intelligent machines. However, there is little consensus in guidelines for design and evaluation of shared control, or even in a definition of what constitutes shared control. This lack of consensus complicates cross fertilization of...

Language Equations for Maximal Decompositions in Coordination Control

The problem considered is to construct all solutions of an equation for a tuple of languages. The tuple in synchronous composition should equal a considered language. Of special interest are the maximal solutions with respect to a partial order relation on the set of solutions. The motivation of the problem is coordination control. The approach...

Effects of platooning on signal-detection performance, workload, and stress: A driving simulator study

Platooning, whereby automated vehicles travel closely together in a group, is attractive in terms of safety and efficiency. However, concerns exist about the psychological state of the platooning driver, who is exempted from direct control, yet remains responsible for monitoring the outside environment to detect potential threats. By means of a...

Ecological interface design: supporting fault diagnosis of automated advice in a supervisory air traffic control task

Future air traffic control will have to rely on more advanced automation to support human controllers in their job of safely handling increased traffic volumes. A prerequisite for the success of such automation is that the data driving it are reliable. Current technology, however, still warrants human supervision in coping with (data)...

Automatic synthesis of supervisory control systems

Sequential composition is an effective supervisory control method for addressing control problems in nonlinear dynamical systems. It executes a set of controllers sequentially to achieve a control specification that cannot be realized by a single controller. Sequential composition focuses on the interaction between a collection of pre-designed...

Cross-sector transferability of metrics for air traffic controller workload

Air traffc controller workload is an important impediment to air transport growth. Several approaches exist that aim to better understand the causes for workload, and models have been derived to predict workload in new operational settings. These methods often relate workload to the diffculty, or complexity, that an average controller would have...

Ecological Interface Design: Sensor Failure Diagnosis in Air Traffic Control

Future air traffic control will have to rely on more advanced automation in order to support controllers in their job of safely controlling increased traffic volumes. A prerequisite for the success of such automation is that the underlying data driving it is reliable. Current technology, however, still warrants human supervision in coping with ...

Ecological Interface for Collaboration of Multiple UAVs in Remote Areas

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be used to access remote areas, e.g., for surveillance missions. Collaboration between them can help overcome communication constraints by building airborne relay networks that allow beyond line of sight communication. This research investigates whether a single human operator can supervise multiple UAVs in a...

Mental load and performance at different automation levels

Supervisory Control Systems