A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From -45 °C to 85 °C

This article presents a 16-MHz RC frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge RC filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and...

A BJT-Based Temperature-to-Digital Converter With a 0.25 C 3 $\sigma$ -Inaccuracy From-40 C to 180 C Using Heater-Assisted Voltage Calibration

This article presents a BJT-based temperature-to-digital-converter (TDC) that achieves ±0.25 °C 3 sigma -inaccuracy from -40 °C to +180 °C after a heater-assisted voltage calibration (HA-VCAL). Its switched-capacitor (SC) ADC employs two sampling capacitors and, thus, the minimum number of critical sampling switches, which minimizes the...