Investigating Effects of Environmental Treatments on Transpiration

Transpiration is a crucial flux in greenhouses that directly affects plant growth. However, there are currently no direct measurements available. Sap flow is the most widely used method for quantifying transpiration, and calibration can enhance the accuracy of these estimates. Despite the existence of numerous recommendations for applying sap...

Evidence of field-scale shifts in transpiration dynamics following bark beetle infestation: Stomatal conductance responses

Amplified eruptive outbreaks of bark beetles as a consequence of climate change can cause tree mortality that significantly affects terrestrial water and carbon fluxes. However, the lack of field-scale observations of underlying physiological mechanisms currently hampers the expression of such ecosystem disturbances in predictive modelling....

Simulation of Greenhouse Tomato Crop Transpiration Using Two Theoretical Models

Water consumption reduction in greenhouse cultivation is a key objective for growers to optimize resource usage. Accurate estimation of transpiration, enabling growers to adapt water inputs to exact plant requirements, is vital for efficient water management. Various models have been developed to estimate transpiration. The Penman-Monteith and...

Importance of tree diameter and species for explaining the temporal and spatial variations of xylem water δ¹⁸O and δ²H in a multi-species forest

Identifying the vegetation and topographic variables influencing the isotopic variability of xylem water of forest vegetation remains crucial to interpret and predict ecohydrological processes in landscapes. In this study, we used temporally and spatially distributed xylem stable water isotopes measurements from two growing seasons to examine...

An analysis of four different models for quantifying tomato transpiration in a soilless greenhouse

Scientific literature points to several models used to calculate the transpiration of vegetable crops inside a greenhouse but the results are hard to compare since different experiment setups were used. This study aimed to analyse the accuracy of four different transpiration models, Penman-Monteith, Stanghellini, Priestley-Taylor, and Takakura...

The Impact of Vegetation on the Partitioning of Evaporation in Conceptual Hydrological Models

Many conceptual hydrological models do not include any information on plant phenology, which represents the dynamic behavior of vegetation, to partition evaporation in a catchment. Such models often use potential evaporation to quantify evaporation from the interception reservoir and what remains afterward to quantify transpiration, or the other...

Determining drought-induced subsidence in urban areas: An in-practice analysis of drought impacts on subsidence in two Dutch soft-soil cities

Drought and subsidence are two out of several water-related urban climate adaptation challenges many cities in the Netherlands currently face. Drought is expected to increase in frequency and extent due to climate change. Therefore, drought is likely to further pressurize (subsiding) urban areas in the coming decades. Although the impact of...

Active cooling in additively manufactured liquid rocket engines: Comparing regenerative, film and transpiration cooling

The heat fluxes in (liquid) rocket engines can go up to high values and they need active cooling to prevent the chamber wall from failing. Transpiration cooling is identified as a way to achieve lower wall temperatures than commonly used regenerative cooling and regenerative cooling with additional film cooling (referred to as film cooling from...

Parameterization and Application of Stanghellini Model for Estimating Greenhouse Cucumber Transpiration

Accurate estimation of transpiration (Tr) is important in the development of precise irrigation scheduling and to enhance water-use efficiency in agricultural production. In this study, the air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) were measured at three different heights (0.5, 1.0, and 1.8 m above the ground near the plant canopy)...

Active microwave remote sensing of the Amazon forest region

The Amazon rainforest is among the most vital ecosystems on earth, holding about a quarter of the global terrestrial carbon sink. Since 2005, three 100-year return period droughts have occurred, the likes of which have the potential to turn the forest from a carbon sink to a source – meaning disastrous consequences for the planet. Monitoring of...

Quantification of the Evaporation Rates from Six Types of Wetland Cover in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica

The hydrology of tropical seasonal wetlands is affected by changes in the land cover. Changes from open water towards a vegetated cover imply an increase in the total evaporation flux, which includes the evaporation from open water bodies and the transpiration from vegetated surfaces. This study quantified the total evaporation flux of six...

Land Surface Processes Create Patterns in Atmospheric Residence Time of Water

Recent studies determined the residence time of moisture in the atmosphere to be 8–10 days but with large spatial and temporal differences. An unexplained daily cycle in the probability density function (PDF) of the residence time of land evaporation was observed, which was not present for oceanic evaporation. Moreover, the PDF of atmospheric...

Extending a RANS Solver with heat and pollution modules for dispersion problems in urban areas with vegetation

Currently, 54% of the general population lives in urban areas. This number is estimated to increase to 66% by 2050. Urbanization is generally linked to several phenomena that are detrimental to the overall quality of life; the urban heat island effect, and the decrease of air quality due to pollutants. The addition of vegetation to urban areas...

A simple global Budyko model to partition evaporation into interception and transpiration

Evaporation is a very important flux in the hydrological cycle and links the water and energy balance of a catchment. The Budyko framework is often used to provide a first order estimate of evaporation, since it is a simple model where only rainfall and potential evaporation is required as input. Many researchers have tried to improve the Budyko...

Surface energy balance and actual evapotranspiration of the transboundary Indus Basin estimated from satellite measurements and the ETLook model

The surface energy fluxes and related evapotranspiration processes across the Indus Basin were estimated for the hydrological year 2007 using satellite measurements. The new ETLook remote sensing model (version 1) infers information on actual Evaporation (E) and actual Transpiration (T) from combined optical and passive microwave sensors, which...

Understanding water resources conditions in data scarce river basins using intelligent pixel information, Case: Transboundary Indus Basin

Partitioning of evaporation fluxes in summer and winter using stable isotope approach

Irrigation is the largest user of fresh water in the world. Unfortunately a large part of irrigation is unsustainable and inefficiently causing water scarcity with sometimes terrible effects on the water cycle, ecology, economy and food production. The key in determining the efficiency of irrigation is to investigate how much irrigation water is...