Design for biodiversity: Enhancing biogenic shellfish reefs

Biogenic reefs built by mussels, oysters or other reef-building species are one of the most important biodiversity hotspots for estuarine and marine ecosystems providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds for a wide array of species. In the North Sea, one of the most important biogenic reef builders and ecosystem engineers is the European Flat...

Development of Ocean Acidification Endpoint Characterization Model for Life Cycle Assessment

With the current trend in emissions, the pH levels of the oceans are expected to decrease from 8.1 to 7.8 by the end of the century. In combination with the other stressors, it is projected that OA will have a wide range of impacts on marine life and its services to humanity. The representation of these implications is limited in environmental...