Mathematical Modelling of the Hydrolysis Process of Waste Activated Sludge in a Novel Cascade System

The hydrolysis of sludge solids especially for difficultly degradable sludges such as WAS is not fully understood, yet. The first-order hydrolysis rate was shown to function well for most easily degradable sludges and soluble substrates. This description for substrate hydrolysis in the context of anaerobic digestion has the benefit of being very...

Effects of pressure on a sequential cascade system for electrochemcial CO2 reduction: A mathematical model and preliminary design

Within the electricity driven conversion methods, electrocatalysis has been assessed to be the closest to commercialisation. This can only be realised, if the system efficiency is increased in terms of the reaction rate, onset potential and/or selectivity. Current research has shown that, apart from the more widely investigated routes to improve...

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Cascading System Implementation for Waste Wood Pallets in The Netherlands: Outline for a cascaded system towards a transition to waste pallets reuse practices

Upcycling of the biomass residues and wastes is a necessary innovation within the given environmental and economic trends, policies and regulations, competition and depletion of natural resources taking place nowadays. Thus, wood pallet upcycling is chosen in this thesis to be the ambassador of biomass. <br/>Research is built upon the...

Development of a-/nc-Ge:H: Growth and characterization of a low bandgap material

The maximal conversion efficiency on a single pn-junction solar cell is calculated to be 33.7% at a band gap energy of 1.34 eV. The main reasons for this maximum are the non-absorption of low energy photons and the thermalization of high energy photons. To counter this, multijunction devices can be constructed to make optimal use of the spectral...

Cascade anaerobic digestion system treating waste activated sludge under short sludge retention time: process performance and role of recirculation

Hydrolysis, where the complex insoluble organic matter is hydrolyzed by hydrolytic enzymes, is regarded as rate-limiting step for anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). The cascade system, which consisted of small-reactors in series, was developed in this study to enhance the hydrolysis rate. Degradation efficiency of sludge was...

Cascade Anaerobic Digestion to enhance Waste Activated Sludge Degradation

Large amounts of residual waste activated sludge are produced as by-products during biological wastewater treatment processes. Anaerobic digestion is a widely accepted stabilisation method for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment. However, the application of anaerobic digestion is limited by the long retention time and low degradation...

Stability of Cascaded Fuzzy Systems and Observers

A large class of nonlinear systems can be well approximated by Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models with linear or affine consequents. It is well known that the stability of these consequent models does not ensure the stability of the overall fuzzy system. Therefore, several stability conditions have been developed for TS fuzzy systems. We study a...