Towards a more nature-inclusive and climate resilient built environment: A framework and tool for the economic valuation of the costs and benefits associated with the implementation of vertical greening systems on buildings

The application of vertical greening systems (VGS) onto building envelopes constitutes an innovative way to implement more green in the living environment. Especially in dense urban areas, where only limited space is available to integrate more horizontal greening at ground level, VGS have the potential to contribute towards creating a greener,...