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Hierarchical online energy management for residential microgrids with Hybrid hydrogen–electricity Storage System

Wu, J. (author), Li, S. (author), Fu, A. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Vasquez, Juan C. (author), Guerrero, Josep M. (author)

The increasing proportion of renewable energy introduces both long-term and short-term uncertainty to power systems, which restricts the implementation of energy management systems (EMSs) with high dependency on accurate prediction techniques. A hierarchical online EMS (HEMS) is proposed in this paper to economically operate the Hybrid...

journal article 2024

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Risk-constrained bidding and offering strategy for sector-coupled electricity-hydrogen systems incorporating accessibility level of mobility sector

Zare Oskouei, Morteza (author), Mehrjerdi, Hasan (author), Palensky, P. (author)

To enhance the economic viability of integrated energy systems, it is important to balance risk and reward while ensuring operational flexibility and compliance with regulatory constraints. Developing an integrated risk measurement method for energy trading in energy markets that complies with regulatory constraints adds another layer of...

journal article 2024

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Optimal energy system scheduling using a constraint-aware reinforcement learning algorithm

Shengren, H. (author), Vergara Barrios, P.P. (author), Salazar Duque, Edgar Mauricio (author), Palensky, P. (author)

The massive integration of renewable-based distributed energy resources (DERs) inherently increases the energy system’s complexity, especially when it comes to defining its operational schedule. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms arise as a promising solution due to their data-driven and model-free features. However, current DRL...

journal article 2023

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The Illuminator: An Open Source Energy System Integration Development Kit

Fu, A. (author), Saini, Raghav (author), Koornneef, R.N. (author), van der Meer, A.A. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author)

This paper introduces a flexible and extendable easy-to-use energy system integration development kit: the Illuminator. The Illuminator illustrates challenges arising from the energy transition. Hence, it is suitable in education and for demonstration. It also acts as a sandbox for testing new research concepts, and particularly, distributed...

conference paper 2023

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Optimal Energy Scheduling of Flexible Industrial Prosumers via Reinforcement Learning

van den Bovenkamp, Nick (author), Giraldo, Juan S. (author), Salazar Duque, Edgar Mauricio (author), Vergara Barrios, P.P. (author), Konstantinou, Charalambos (author), Palensky, P. (author)

This paper introduces an energy management system (EMS) aiming to minimize electricity operating costs using reinforcement learning (RL) with a linear function approximation. The proposed EMS uses a Q-learning with tile coding (QLTC) algorithm and is compared to a deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) with perfect forecast...

conference paper 2023

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Closed-loop simulation testing of a probabilistic DR framework for Day Ahead Market participation applied to Battery Energy Storage Systems

van der Heijden, T.J.T. (author), Palensky, P. (author), van de Giesen, N.C. (author), Abraham, E. (author)

In this manuscript, we test the operational performance decrease of a probabilistic framework for Demand Response (DR). We use Day Ahead Market (DAM) price scenarios generated by a Combined Quantile Regression Deep Neural Network (CQR-DNN) and a Non-parametric Bayesian Network (NPBN) to maximise profit of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)...

conference paper 2023

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Resilient, Auditable and Secure IoT-Enabled Smart Inverter Firmware Amendments With Blockchain

Akkaoui, R. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author), Epema, D.H.J. (author)

The solar industry in residential areas has been witnessing an astonishing growth worldwide. At the heart of this transformation, affecting the edge of the electricity grid, reside smart inverters (SIs). These IoT-enabled devices aim to introduce a certain degree of intelligence to conventional inverters by integrating various grid support...

journal article 2023

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Update Scheduling for ADMM-based Energy Sharing in Virtual Power Plants Considering Massive Prosumer Access

Feng, Cheng (author), Zheng, Kedi (author), Zhou, Yangze (author), Palensky, P. (author), Chen, Qixin (author)

With the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), electricity consumers in virtual power plants (VPPs) are transitioning into prosumers and are encouraged to share surplus energy with peers. Nevertheless, large-scale energy sharing among thousands of prosumers may encounter communication-related challenges. Communication network...

journal article 2023

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A Contribution to the Development of High-Voltage dc Circuit Breaker Technologies: A Review of New Considerations

Liu, Zhou (author), Mirhosseini, S.S. (author), Liu, L. (author), Popov, M. (author), Ma, Kaiqi (author), Hu, Weihao (author), Jamali, Sadegh (author), Palensky, P. (author), Chen, Zhe (author)

To promote the integration of renewable energy resources into modern energy systems, high-voltage dc (HVdc) and circuit breaker (CB) technologies have become critical to achieving secure and efficient energy transmission. This article reviews the technical development of the related areas, compares diverse breaker concepts and topologies,...

journal article 2022

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A Taxonomy and Lessons Learned From Blockchain Adoption Within the Internet of Energy Paradigm

Akkaoui, R. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author), Epema, D.H.J. (author)

The concept of the internet of energy (IoE) emerged as an innovative paradigm to encompass all the complex and intertwined notions relevant to the transition of current smart grids towards more decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization. With a focus on the two last aspects, the amount of intelligent devices being connected in a...

journal article 2022

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State Estimation in Medium Voltage Distribution Networks using Pseudo Measurements

Nibhanupudi, S.S. (author), Ishchenko, Anton (author), Tindemans, Simon H. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Transition from fossil fuels to sustainable sources of energy like wind and solar is the need of the hour. All over the globe, plans are in motion to achieve this goal. This implies addition of new elements to the grid in the form of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). These affect the working of distribution grids and to ensure reliable as...

conference paper 2022

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Battery Storage System as Power Unbalance Redistributor in Distribution Grids Based on Three Legs Four Wire Voltage Source Converter

Stecca, M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Iyer, A.K. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

This article discusses the application of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as power redistributors in three-phase distribution grids as an add-on functionality to typical BESS applications, such as congestion management and energy arbitrage. Combining those ancillary services into a single power unit is not yet performed in practice but...

journal article 2022

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Performance Comparison of Deep RL Algorithms for Energy Systems Optimal Scheduling

Shengren, H. (author), Salazar, Edgar Mauricio (author), Vergara Barrios, P.P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Taking advantage of their data-driven and model-free features, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have the potential to deal with the increasing level of uncertainty due to the introduction of renewable-based generation. To deal simultaneously with the energy systems’ operational cost and technical constraints (e.g, generation-demand...

conference paper 2022

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Open Data Based Model of the Dutch High-Voltage Power System

Zomerdijk, W. (author), Gusain, D. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author)

A numerical model of a power system can be used to get accurate insights into the impact of policies and investment decisions regarding the transformation of the energy system, while also helping in identifying bottlenecks in implementing decisions. Spatial aggregation, especially for generation and load, must be carefully approached to obtain...

conference paper 2022

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Configuration of the Actor and Critic Network of the Deep Reinforcement Learning controller for Multi-Energy Storage System

Páramo-Balsa, Paula (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author), Acosta, Martha N. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Sanchez, Francisco (author), Roldan-Fernandez, Juan Manuel (author), Burgos-Payán, Manuel (author)

The computational burden and the time required to train a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be appreciable, especially for the particular case of a DRL control used for frequency control of multi-electrical energy storage (MEESS). This paper presents an assessment of four training configurations of the actor and critic network to determine...

conference paper 2022

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Simplifying multi-energy system co-simulations using ENERGYSIM

Gusain, D. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

The traditional methodology for conducting technical assessments of multi-energy systems involved using domain-specific modeling tools to focus on the energy sector of interest, while making simplifying assumptions about any coupled energy sector. This was acceptable since the interactions between energy domains were minimal. However, with...

journal article 2022

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Battery Storage Integration in EV Fast Charging Station for Increasing its Revenues and Reducing the Grid Impact

Stecca, M. (author), Vermeer, W.W.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are...

conference paper 2022

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Distributed cooperation for voltage regulation in future distribution networks

Fu, A. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

As the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) increases significantly in the distribution networks, their integration reshapes distribution system power flows and leads to serious voltage quality problems in distribution networks. In this paper, a novel distributed cooperation voltage regulation method is proposed for future...

journal article 2022

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Modeling and Optimal Tuning of Hybrid ESS Supporting Fast Active Power Regulation of Fully Decoupled Wind Power Generators

Zhang, Chenrui (author), Rakhshani, E. (author), Veerakumar, Nidarshan (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

The frequency stability of the power system is challenged by the high penetration of power electronic interfaced renewable energy sources (RES). This paper investigates the improvements of the frequency response of fully decoupled wind power generators (FDWG) by proposing a novel generic model implementation of ultracapacitors (UC) within a...

journal article 2021

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EMT Real-Time Simulation Model of a 2 GW Offshore Renewable Energy Hub Integrating Electrolysers

Marchand, J. (author), Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Lekić, A. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Due to their weak nature, such as low inertia, offshore energy hubs are prone to unprecedented fast dynamic phenomena. This can lead to undesired instability problems. Recent literature, with main focus on onshore systems, suggests that electrolysers could be an attractive option to support wind generators in the mitigation of balancing problems...

journal article 2021