Closed-loop simulation testing of a probabilistic DR framework for Day Ahead Market participation applied to Battery Energy Storage Systems

In this manuscript, we test the operational performance decrease of a probabilistic framework for Demand Response (DR). We use Day Ahead Market (DAM) price scenarios generated by a Combined Quantile Regression Deep Neural Network (CQR-DNN) and a Non-parametric Bayesian Network (NPBN) to maximise profit of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)...

Battery Storage System as Power Unbalance Redistributor in Distribution Grids Based on Three Legs Four Wire Voltage Source Converter

This article discusses the application of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as power redistributors in three-phase distribution grids as an add-on functionality to typical BESS applications, such as congestion management and energy arbitrage. Combining those ancillary services into a single power unit is not yet performed in practice but...

Configuration of the Actor and Critic Network of the Deep Reinforcement Learning controller for Multi-Energy Storage System

The computational burden and the time required to train a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be appreciable, especially for the particular case of a DRL control used for frequency control of multi-electrical energy storage (MEESS). This paper presents an assessment of four training configurations of the actor and critic network to determine...

Battery Storage Integration in EV Fast Charging Station for Increasing its Revenues and Reducing the Grid Impact

This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are...

Modeling and Optimal Tuning of Hybrid ESS Supporting Fast Active Power Regulation of Fully Decoupled Wind Power Generators

The frequency stability of the power system is challenged by the high penetration of power electronic interfaced renewable energy sources (RES). This paper investigates the improvements of the frequency response of fully decoupled wind power generators (FDWG) by proposing a novel generic model implementation of ultracapacitors (UC) within a...

Frequency Support of Fast-Multi-Energy Storage Systems in Low Rotational Inertia Scenarios

Modern power systems are increasing the connection of power electronic converters (PECs), and new inertia-less technologies displace the synchronous generation units. Therefore, the total rotational system inertia is reduced, creating new problems related to the system frequency control and stability. Several mechanisms to enable the PECs with...

Comparison of Two and Three-Level DC-AC Converters for a 100 kW Battery Energy Storage System

This paper discusses a qualitative comparison between Two and Three-Level Voltage Source Converter (VSC) topologies for battery energy storage applications. Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and T-Type circuit topologies are benchmarked versus the state-of-art Two-Level VSC in terms of efficiency and power density considering a 100 kW...

Relocatable Energy Storage Systems for Congestion Management

The rapid growth of rooftop solar, and on the rise technologies such as electric vehicles and heat pumps, is leading to congestion problems in low voltage distribution networks. If not dealt with, the congestion will prevent the installation of further units limiting the pace of the energy transition. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are often seen...