Importance sampling of severe wind gusts

An important problem that arises during the design of wind turbines is estimating extreme loads with sufficient accuracy. This is especially difficult during iterative design phases when computational resources are scarce. Over the years, many methods have been proposed to extrapolate extreme load distributions from relatively short time series...

The determination of the extreme loads on wind turbines – some practical issues

The probabilistic method commonly applied to arrive at the ultimate loading is as follows: for several different mean wind speeds load simulations are performed. For each mean wind speed a conditional distribution can be fitted to the load maxima for that particular wind speed. The overall distribution of the load response is obtained by a...

Application of constrained stochastic simulation to determine the extreme response of wind turbines

Up to now just deterministic gust shapes are specified in standards; e.g. the Extreme Operating Gust (IEC) is given by a Mexican hat like shape. In this paper gust shapes will be determined by application of so-called constrained stochastic simulation. This method specifies how to efficiently generate time series around some specific event (e.g....

Constrained stochastic simulation of wind gusts for wind turbine design

Constrained stochastic simulation: Generation of time series around some specific event in a normal process

The method of so-called constrained stochastic simulation is introduced. This method specifies how to efficiently generate time series around some specific event in a normal process. All events which can be expressed by means of a linear condition (constraint) can be dealt with. Two examples are given in the paper: the generation of stochastic...