The embodied carbon emissions of lettuce production in vertical farming, greenhouse horticulture, and open-field farming in the Netherlands

Over the past decades, various farming methods have evolved in response to the global challenges of increasing food demands, decreasing availability of arable land, and climate change. One of these new farming methods is vertical farming. To understand the contribution of vertical farms to future sustainable food production, beyond its efficient...

Optimising High-Rise Buildings for Self-Sufficiency in Energy Consumption and Food Production Using Artificial Intelligence: Case of Europoint Complex in Rotterdam

The increase in global population, which negatively affects energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and arable land, necessitates designing sustainable habitation alternatives. Self-sufficient high-rise buildings, which integrate (electricity) generation and efficient usage of resources with dense habitation, can be a sustainable solution for future...

Automated indoor horticulture for large scale commercial food production

Indoor cultivation by use of climate-cells provides a higher consistency, quality and more reliable method of producing fruits and vegetables in comparison to greenhouse cultivation. These aspects become increasingly important as we face the challenges brought by higher populations and climate change. However, currently the costs of indoor food...

Mobile Plant Factory: An Explanatory guide for designing travelling Plant factory with Hybrid lighting system using computational design workflow

Plant factory with artificial light PFAL is an advanced facility has been developing through many research based on experimental field work in greenhouses as fully insulated and the airtight production facility. PFAL is one form of “closed plant production system” (CPPS) unit. It is a system where the growing environment optimally controlled and...