An improved model of calcium carbonate crystallization: An improved kinetics-model for the calcium carbonate crystallization in the fluidized bed softening reactors at the Weesperkarspel drinking water treatment plant

One of the main targets of Waternet, the water-cycle company of Amsterdam, is to increase the sustainability of water treatment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve the efficiency and to decrease the use of chemicals during pellet softening process. However, the model of Van Schagen et al. (2008 b,c) that is currently used to...