Toe rock stability for rubble mound breakwaters

Present design tools, as found in the Rock Manual or Coastal Engineering Manual, for the determination of toe rock size for rubble mound breakwaters are based on test data with a large spread: data is relatively dispersed around the centre and descriptive equations have limited applicability ranges. New research has been undertaken to contribute...

The effects of foreshore slope on breakwater armour unit stability

Experience has shown that the stability parameters relating to breakwater armour unit stability vary considerably for steep foreshores when compared to milder foreshore slope. Furthermore, the change from the deep water spectra (Tm0) to the shallow water wave spectra (Tm-1.0) does not fully explain the difference. Leading on from recent...