An Ammonia-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - Internal Combustion Engine Hybrid System for Ships

Ammonia (NH3) may reduce CO2 emissions from the marine industry as it is carbon-free and more energy-dense than hydrogen or batteries. Pure ammonia exhibits poor combustion characteristics, so several researchers have already operated small-scale internal combustion engines (ICEs) with ammonia-hydrogen blends. However, nitrogen oxides NOx and...

Maritime application of sodium borohydride as an energy carrier

The interest in alternative fuels in the maritime sector is growing due to increasing concerns of the effect of harmful emissions. Hydrogen in combination with a fuel cell has a high potential to be a more environmental friendly solution than the commonly used fossil fuel systems. However, the use of hydrogen encounters problems looking at the...