Immersed Tunnels in Subarctic Conditions

The thesis aims to find the changes in design and execution to immersed tunnels in subarctic regions. The Orlovsky Tunnel in St. Petersburg serves as a case study. The Orlovsky tunnel is a 1600 m tunnel in a rapid flowing river. the ice regime of the Neva River is characterized by frazil ice, which causes hanging ice jams and anchor ice....

Man-made islands in Mackenzie River: Evaluation of hydraulic design

Norman Hells is situated on the north bank of the Mackenzie River, 145 km south of the Arctic Circle. The use of a pool-wide water flood system for secondary recovery and the features of the oil-bearing structure require six man-made platforms to provide vertical access to the portion of the oil pool that 1 ies beneath the Mackenzie River (60%)....