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van’t Veld, Ronald C. (author), Flux, Eline (author), van Oorschot, Wieneke (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), van der Krogt, Marjolein M. (author), van der Kooij, H. (author), Vos-van der Hulst, Marije (author), Keijsers, Noël L.W. (author), van Asseldonk, Edwin H.F. (author)Background: Spasticity, i.e. stretch hyperreflexia, increases joint resistance similar to symptoms like hypertonia and contractures. Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) injections are a widely used intervention to reduce spasticity. BoNT-A effects on spasticity are poorly understood, because clinical measures, e.g. modified Ashworth scale (MAS),...journal article 2023
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van der Kooij, H. (author), Fricke, Simone S. (author), Van 't Veld, Ronald C. (author), Prieto, Ander Vallinas (author), Keemink, Arvid Q.L. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Van Asseldonk, Edwin H.F. (author)Knowledge on joint impedance during walking in various conditions is relevant for clinical decision-making and the development of robotic gait trainers, leg prostheses, leg orthotics and wearable exoskeletons. Whereas ankle impedance during walking has been experimentally assessed, knee and hip joint impedance during walking have not been...journal article 2022
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Cop, Christopher P. (author), Cavallo, Gaia (author), van'T Veld, Ronald C. (author), Koopman, Bart F.J.M. (author), Lataire, John (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Sartori, Massimo (author)In vivo joint stiffness estimation during time-varying conditions remains an open challenge. Multiple communities, e.g. system identification and biomechanics, have tackled the problem from different perspectives and using different methods, each of which entailing advantages and limitations, often complementary. System identification...review 2021
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van 't Veld, Ronald (author), Flux, Eline (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), van der Krogt, Marjolein (author), van der Kooij, H. (author), Van Asseldonk, Edwin H.F. (author)People with spasticity, i.e., stretch hyperreflexia, have a limited functional independence and mobility. While a broad range of spasticity treatments is available, many treatments are invasive, non-specific, or temporary and might have negative side effects. Operant conditioning of the stretch reflex is a promising non-invasive paradigm with...journal article 2021
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van ’t Veld, Ronald C. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), van der Kooij, H. (author), van Asseldonk, Edwin H.F. (author)Background: People with brain or neural injuries, such as cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury, commonly have joint hyper-resistance. Diagnosis and treatment of joint hyper-resistance is challenging due to a mix of tonic and phasic contributions. The parallel-cascade (PC) system identification technique offers a potential solution to...journal article 2021
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van de Ruit, M.L. (author), Mugge, W. (author), Cavallo, Gaia (author), Lataire, John (author), Ludvig, Daniel (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)Accurate and swift tuning of joint impedance is crucial to perform movement and interaction with our environment. Time-varying system identification enables quantification of joint impedance during movement. Many methods have been developed over the years, each with their own mathematical approach and underlying assumptions. Yet, for the...journal article 2021
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van den Berg, Boudewijn (author), Manoochehri, M. (author), Kasting, Mindy (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Buitenweg, Jan R. (author)A sustained sensory stimulus with a periodic variation of intensity creates an electrophysiological brain response at associated frequencies, referred to as the steady-state evoked potential (SSEP). The SSEPs elicited by the periodic stimulation of nociceptors in the skin may represent activity of a brain network that is primarily involved in...journal article 2021
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Schut, I.M. (author), Pasma, J.H. (author), Roelofs, J. M.B. (author), Weerdesteyn, V. (author), van der Kooij, H. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)Changes in human balance control can objectively be assessed using system identification techniques in combination with support surface translations. However, large, expensive and complex motion platforms are required, which are not suitable for the clinic. A treadmill could be a simple alternative to apply support surface translations. In...journal article 2020
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Dialynas, G. (author), de Haan, Jelle (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)The objective of this study was to identify the dynamic response of the bicycle rider’s body during translational perturbations, in an effort to improve two-wheeler safety and comfort. A bicycle mock-up was equipped with sensors measuring three-dimensional seat and trunk accelerations and rider’s force responses at the seat, handlebars, and...journal article 2020
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Schut, I.M. (author), Pasma, J.H. (author), De Veij Mestdagh, J.C. (author), van der Kooij, H. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)To unravel the underlying mechanisms of human balance control, system identification techniques are applied in combination with dedicated perturbations, like support surface translations. However, it remains unclear what the optimal amplitude and number of repetitions of the perturbation signal are. In this study we investigated the effect of...journal article 2019
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Pasma, J.H. (author), Assländer, Lorenz (author), van Kordelaar, J. (author), de Kam, Digna (author), Mergner, Thomas (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)The Independent Channel (IC) model is a commonly used linear balance control model in the frequency domain to analyze human balance control using system identification and parameter estimation. The IC model is a rudimentary and noise-free description of balance behavior in the frequency domain, where a stable model representation is not...journal article 2018
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van Kordelaar, J. (author), Pasma, J.H. (author), Cenciarini, Massimo (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), van der Kooij, H. (author), Maurer, Christoph (author)The vestibular system is involved in gaze stabilization and standing balance control. However, it is unclear whether vestibular dysfunction affects both processes to a similar extent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how the reliance on vestibular information during standing balance control is related to gaze...journal article 2018
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van de Ruit, M.L. (author), Cavallo, Gaia (author), Lataire, John (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Mugge, W. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)During movements, humans continuously regulate their joint impedance to minimize control effort and optimize performance. Joint impedance describes the relationship between a joint's position and torque acting around the joint. Joint impedance varies with joint angle and muscle activation and differs from trial-to-trial due to inherent...journal article 2018
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Cavallo, G. (author), van de Ruit, M.L. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), van Wingerden, J.W. (author), Lataire, J. (author)In this study, a nonparametric method, developed in Lataire et al. (2012), is applied to the identification of linear time-varying human joint admittance. The aim of the method, denoted Skirt Decomposition method, is to reconstruct the time-varying system function. The main contribution of the paper is to evaluate the possibilities and...journal article 2018
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Meskers, C.G.M. (author), De Groot, J. (author), De Vlugt, E. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)Progress in diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders after neurological diseases like stroke, cerebral palsy (CP), dystonia and at old age requires understanding of the altered capacity to adequately respond to physical obstacles in the environment. With posture and movement disorders, the control of muscles is hampered, resulting in...journal article 2015
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Boonstra, T.A. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Van der Kooij, H. (author)Background Human stance involves multiple segments, including the legs and trunk, and requires coordinated actions of both. A novel method was developed that reliably estimates the contribution of the left and right leg (i.e., the ankle and hip joints) to the balance control of individual subjects. Methods The method was evaluated using...journal article 2013
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Schuurmans, J. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Schouten, A.C. (author)During posture control, reflexive feedback allows humans to efficiently compensate for unpredictable mechanical disturbances. Although reflexes are involuntary, humans can adapt their reflexive settings to the characteristics of the disturbances. Reflex modulation is commonly studied by determining reflex gains: a set of parameters that quantify...journal article 2010
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Schouten, A.C. (author), De Vlugt, E. (author), Van der Helm, F.C.T. (author)This study aimed to identify the functional contribution of reflexes to human motor control during posture maintenance. Continuous random force disturbances were applied at the hand while the subjects were instructed to minimize the deviation resulting from the force disturbances. The results were analyzed in the frequency domain with frequency...journal article 2008
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Schouten, A.C. (author), De Vlugt, E. (author), Van Hilten, J.J. (author), Van der Helm, F.C. (author)This study aimed to analyse the dynamic properties of the muscle spindle feedback system of shoulder muscles during a posture task. External continuous force disturbances were applied at the hand while subjects had to minimize their hand displacements. The results were analysed using two frequency response functions (FRFs) from which the model...journal article 2008
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Schouten, A.C. (author)Proprioceptive reflexes play an important role during the control of movement and posture. Disturbed modulation of proprioceptive reflexes is often suggested as the cause for the motoric features present in neurological disorders. In this thesis methods are developed and evaluated to quantify proprioceptive reflexes in vivo during postural...doctoral thesis 2004