The coexistence of multiplicities

The Manutenção Militar Complex (MMC) is situated along the river just outside of the city center of Lisbon. Within the industrial complex they produced food, uniforms and other goods for the Portuguese Army. Whilst the Portuguese Army reached 200,000 men in the 1960s, it is now reduced to 20,000 active soldiers. This meant that the factories of...

Protection of HVDC grids using DC Hub

Nowadays there is a movement towards the creation of HVDC grids. The massive integration of renewable energy sources, the operation of the current grid close to its limits and the need to facilitate the power trade are some of the reasons driving the research on HVDC grids. Towards HVDC grids, there are still some obstacles and technical...

Multi-port DC hub based on the Modular Multilevel Converter for Multi-terminal HVDC grids

It is expected that DC grids will evolve into large meshed networks, which will have multiple DC voltage levels. Two DC grids operating at different voltage levels could be interconnected using a DC-DC converter. The role of the DC-DC converter in meshed DC networks is similar to the role of a transformer in traditional AC systems. The DC-DC...

Small-Signal Stability Modelling and Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter and its Closed-Loop Controllers

As the transformation of the electricity generation progresses, the number of power electronic-based devices connected to the electricity grid is expected to grow. To ensure the stability of the power system in a scenario with high penetration of power electronic converters, the dynamics and stability characteristics of these devices have to be...

Reliability Modelling of a Multi-terminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) System based on Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)

The increase of new power generation in Europe using renewable energy sources<br/>leads to the application of HVDC for high efficiency transmission. The growth of energy market and the development of the HVDC technology cause the multi-terminal HVDC system based on half-bridge MMC is one of the best option of transmission system, especially for...

Values of non-intended architecture

The MMC was an industrial facility that produced food, uniforms and other goods for the Portuguese Army. During the twentieth century the complex was expanded. Whilst the Portuguese Army reached 200.000 men in the 1960’s, it is now reduced to 20.000 active soldiers. Gradually the factories closed and Manutencao Militar was finally substituted by...

Disclosing the military city Lisbon: Re-starting the machine

This master thesis is part of the graduation studio named ‘Disclosing the Military City Lisbon’ as part of the chair Heritage and Architecture at the TU Delft. The studio assignment and project is initiated in collaboration with DOCOMOMO (International committee for documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the...

The Urban Foyer: a cultural connector

The Manutenção Militar Complex (MMC) was an industrial facility that produced food, uniforms and other goods for the Portuguese Army. The first bakery was accommodated in a former Convent – Convento das Grilas – by the end of the 19th Century. During the 20th Century, due to the needs during the First World War and the Portuguese Colonial War in...

Grid capacity and efficiency enhancement by operating medium voltage AC cables as DC links with modular multilevel converters

It is anticipated that with the thrust towards use of clean energy resources such as electric vehicles, future distribution grids will face a steep increase in power demand, forcing the utility operators to invest in enhancing the power delivering capacity of the grid infrastructure. It is identified that the critical 5–20 km medium voltage (MV)...

Optimized Control of LCL-VSC Converter With Refined s-Parameter

For the control of high-voltage dc (HVdc) systems, especially for that of the multiterminal HVdc (MTdc) systems, the voltage source converter (VSC) is a good option because of its high controllability. These days, different types of VSC converters have been realized such as the two/three level converter and modular multilevel converter....

High Order Voltage and Current Harmonic Mitigation Using the Modular Multilevel Converter STATCOM

Due to the increase of power electronic-based loads, the maintenance of high power quality poses a challenge in modern power systems. To limit the total harmonic distortion in the line voltage and currents at the point of the common coupling (PCC), active power filters are commonly employed. This paper investigates the use of the multilevel...

Modelling of Modular Multilevel Converters for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Electromagnetic Transient Phenomena in HVDC Applications

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are gradually becoming the technology of choice in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission for grid integration of large-scale offshore wind farms and multi-terminal HVDC transmission schemes. Each phase of an MMC HVDC terminal consists of several hundreds of identical submodules that switch a...

DC/DC Converters for Multiterminal HVDC Systems: Based on Modular Multilevel Converter

The increase in the energy demand has resulted in searching for new energy sources. Due to the increased prices of fossil fuels and the environmental issues, renewable energy sources has become popular in Europe. Renewable energy generation such as wind, solar and wave has point-to-point connections with the main grid. In order to minimize the...

Analysis of Negative Sequence Current Control for MMC HVDC Transmission Systems

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system technology has recently attracted a lot of attention within the power system community. Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) HVDC is the state of the art HVDC transmission technology, which contains hundreds and even thousands of submodules. It is the modularity, scalability and efficiency...

Interfacing Multi-Megawatt Large Scale Offshore Wind Turbine with Modular Multilevel Converter

The aim of the master thesis was to investigate the effect of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) on wind energy electrical system. In different literature sources MMC is used at the grid side of the turbine. This thesis has a focus on the implementation of the MMC at the generator side of the wind turbine and comparing this new topology with...