Multi-Sensor Seismic Processing Approach using Geophones and HWC DAS in the Monitoring of CO2 Storage at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Field in Iceland

Geothermal power production may result in significant CO2 emissions as part of the produced steam. CO2 capture, utilisation, subsurface storage (CCUS) and developments to exploit geothermal resources are focal points for future clean and renewable energy strategies. The Synergetic Utilisation of CO2 Storage Coupled with Geothermal Energy...

The potential of probabilistic moment-tensor inversions for the characterization of geothermal reservoirs in urban environments

Geothermal energy is a cleaner and more sustainable source of power, which plays a key role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Sustainable and safe exploitation of geothermal resources, however, depends on our ability to understand and manage the associated seismic risks. In 2018, Nature's Heat geothermal project began operations in...

Seismic monitoring of Nature's Heat Geothermal Reservoir in Kwintsheul (Netherlands)

In 2018, the geothermal project Nature's Heat started its operations to supply heat to 64 hectares of greenhouses in Kwintsheul, Netherlands. The operation involves the extraction and reinjection of geothermal fluids at a depth of about 2.4km. Several studies suggested that geothermal operations in these parts of The Netherlands are unlikely to...

Monitoring changes in the Groningen subsurface using non-physical arrivals in seismic interferometry

Seismic interferometry (SI) refers to the principle of generating seismic responses by crosscorrelating seismic observations at different receiver locations. Theory requires that the boundary sources emit the same energy, have regular spacing and are spaced densely enough. When these assumptions are not met, not only the desired physical...

Non-Intrusive Characterization and Monitoring of Fluid Mud: Laboratory Experiments with Seismic Techniques, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)

In ports and waterways, the bathymetry is regularly surveyed for updating navigation charts ensuring safe transport. In port areas with fluid-mud layers, most traditional surveying techniques are accurate but are intrusive and provide one-dimensional measurements limiting their application. Current non-intrusive surveying techniques are less...

Seismic velocity characterisation of geothermal reservoir rocks for CO₂ storage performance assessment

As part of a seismic monitoring project in a geothermal field, where the feasibility of re-injection and storage of produced CO₂ is being investigated, a P-and S-wave seismic velocity characterisation study was carried out. The effect of axial (up to 95 MPa) and radial (up to 60 MPa) stress on the seismic velocity was studied in...

Monitoring changes inside subsurface layers using non-physical reflections retrieved from seismic interferometry

Seismic interferometry (SI) is a principle for retrieving responses between two receivers using cross-correlation. After the retrieval, one of the receivers acts as a virtual seismic source whose response is retrieved at the second receiver. Correct response retrieval relies on assumptions, among other, of a lossless medium being illuminated...

Application of seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution to ambient seismic noise recorded in Malargüe, Argentina

Obtaining new seismic responses from existing recordings is generally referred to as seismic interferometry (SI). Conventionally, the SI responses are retrieved by simple crosscorrelation of recordings made by separate receivers: one of the receivers acts as a ‘virtual source’ whose response is retrieved at the other receivers.When SI is applied...

Extraction of layer-specific seismic velocity in a porous medium through seismic interferometry applied to ultrasonic measurements of CO2 sequestration

Purpose: Time-lapse seismic monitoring constitutes the foundation for most monitoring programmes involving CO2 storage. When using time-lapse seismics, two major sources of uncertainty in the estimation of changes in the reservoir properties, like saturation and pressure, are the non-repeatability of the source positions and the difficulty to...

Determining changes in CO2 saturation from time-lapse measurements using ghost reflections retrieved by seismic interferometry

One of the targets of time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 sequestration is to determine the parts of the reservoir reached by the injected CO2 and to estimate their saturation. Such information could be extracted from the time-lapse measurement using AVO or impedance information. But non-repeatability of the source positions and time-lapse...