Role of Multimodal Learning Systems in Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL): A Scoping Review

Technology-enhanced learning systems, specifically multimodal learning technologies, use sensors to collect data from multiple modalities to provide personalized learning support beyond traditional learning settings. However, many studies surrounding such multimodal learning systems mostly focus on technical aspects concerning data collection...

Towards Collaborative Convergence: Quantifying Collaboration Quality with Automated Co-located Collaboration Analytics

Collaboration is one of the four important 21st-century skills. With the pervasive use of sensors, interest on co-located collaboration (CC) has increased lately. Most related literature used the audio modality to detect indicators of collaboration (such as total speaking time and turn taking). CC takes place in physical spaces where group...

Assessing learner’s distraction in a multimodal platform for sustained attention in the remote learning context using mobile devices sensors

During a learning task, keeping a steady attentive state is detrimental for good performance. A person is subject to distraction from different sources, among which distractions originating from within him or herself or from external sources, such as ambient sound. The detection of such distraction can improve the effectiveness of a task by...

Camera-based face and infrared temperature sensing of learner's affective state in the remote learning context using machine learning

Remote learning, learning from home using online available materials, is becoming increasingly more common. This paper focuses on reading activities during remote learning. An important part of learning is keeping sustained attention on the learning materials, as a shift from sustained attention to internal thought or mind-wandering oftentimes...

Literature Review on Co-Located Collaboration Modeling Using Multimodal Learning Analytics - Can We Go the Whole Nine Yards?

Collaboration is one of the important 21st-century skills. It can take place in remote or co-located settings. Co-located collaboration (CC) is a very complex process that involves subtle human interactions that can be described with indicators like eye gaze, speaking time, pitch, and social skills from different modalities. With the advent...

Towards automatic collaboration analytics for group speech data using learning analytics

Collaboration is an important 21st Century skill. Co-located (or face-to-face) collaboration (CC) analytics gained momentum with the advent of sensor technology. Most of these works have used the audio modality to detect the quality of CC. The CC quality can be detected from simple indicators of collaboration such as total speaking time or...