Fouling control in ceramic nanofiltration membrane by pre-coating with calcium carbonate

Water scarcity and uneven distribution of water resources pose a significant challenge globally. Searching for alternative water resources could alleviate this issue. Municipal sewage reclamation with ceramic NF membrane has gained momentum nowadays. However, the inevitable fouling, especially organic fouling during membrane filtration, is the...

Adaptation of anammox bacteria to low temperature via gradual acclimation and cold shocks: Distinctions in protein expression, membrane composition and activities

Anammox bacteria enable efficient removal of nitrogen from sewage in processes involving partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) or nitrification, partial denitrification, and anammox (N-PdN/A). In mild climates, anammox bacteria must be adapted to ≤15 °C, typically by gradual temperature decrease; however, this takes months or years. To...

Fouling control in ceramic nanofiltration membranes during municipal sewage treatment

Using ceramic nanofiltration membranes for treatment of municipal sewage is upcoming. However, the knowledge on fouling control methods for this application are very limited. The most commonly used fouling control method, chemical cleaning, has disadvantages. Chemical cleaning negatively impacts (i) the glass seal layer of tubular ceramic...