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Model predictive control and protection of MMC-based MTDC power systems

Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Liu, L. (author), Lekić, A. (author), Popov, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Meshed offshore grids (MOGs) present a viable option for a reliable bulk power transmission topology. The station-level control of MOGs requires faster dynamics along with multiple objective functions, which is realized by the model predictive control (MPC). This paper provides control, and protection design for the Modular Multilevel...

journal article 2023

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Cyber-Physical Testbed Co-simulation Real-Time: Normal and Abnormal System Frequency Response

Riquelme-Dominguez, Jose Miguel (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author), Melo, Andre Felipe Silva (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Future carbon-neutral power systems impose many challenges; one is the urgent need for a simulation platform that allows replicating the complex systems’ actual dynamic performance. This paper shows the results of implementing a cyber-physical testbed co-simulation in real-time to analyse the system frequency response considering primary...

journal article 2023

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Exploring Stability and Accuracy Limits of Distributed Real-Time Power System Simulations via System-of-Systems Cosimulation

Barbierato, Luca (author), Pons, Enrico (author), Bompard, Ettore Francesco (author), Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Palensky, P. (author), Bottaccioli, Lorenzo (author), Patti, Edoardo (author)

Electromagnetic transients (EMT) is the most accurate, but computationally expensive method of analyzing power system phenomena. Thereby, interconnecting several real-time simulators can unlock scalability and system coverage, but leads to a number of new challenges, mainly in time synchronization, numerical stability, and accuracy...

journal article 2023

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Attack Graph Model for Cyber-Physical Power Systems Using Hybrid Deep Learning

Presekal, A. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Electrical power grids are vulnerable to cyber attacks, as seen in Ukraine in 2015 and 2016. However, existing attack detection methods are limited. Most of them are based on power system measurement anomalies that occur when an attack is successfully executed at the later stages of the cyber kill chain. In contrast, the attacks on the Ukrainian...

journal article 2023

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Update Scheduling for ADMM-based Energy Sharing in Virtual Power Plants Considering Massive Prosumer Access

Feng, Cheng (author), Zheng, Kedi (author), Zhou, Yangze (author), Palensky, P. (author), Chen, Qixin (author)

With the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), electricity consumers in virtual power plants (VPPs) are transitioning into prosumers and are encouraged to share surplus energy with peers. Nevertheless, large-scale energy sharing among thousands of prosumers may encounter communication-related challenges. Communication network...

journal article 2023

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Dynamic Anomaly Detection with High-fidelity Simulators: A Convex Optimization Approach

Pan, K. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Mohajerin Esfahani, P. (author)

The main objective of this article is to develop scalable dynamic anomaly detectors with high-fidelity simulators of power systems. On the one hand, models in high-fidelity simulators are typically 'intractable' if one opts to describe them in a mathematical formulation in order to apply existing model-based approaches from the anomaly...

journal article 2022

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Battery Storage System as Power Unbalance Redistributor in Distribution Grids Based on Three Legs Four Wire Voltage Source Converter

Stecca, M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Iyer, A.K. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

This article discusses the application of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as power redistributors in three-phase distribution grids as an add-on functionality to typical BESS applications, such as congestion management and energy arbitrage. Combining those ancillary services into a single power unit is not yet performed in practice but...

journal article 2022

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Stability and Accuracy Analysis of a Distributed Digital Real-Time Co-simulation Infrastructure

Barbierato, L. (author), Pons, Enrico (author), Mazza, Andrea (author), Bompard, Ettore (author), Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Palensky, P. (author), Macii, Enrico (author), Bottaccioli, Lorenzo (author), Patti, Edoardo (author)

Cosimulation techniques are gaining popularity amongst the power system research community to analyze future scalable smart grid solutions. However, complications such as multiple communication protocols, uncertainty in latencies are holding up the widespread usage of these techniques for the power system analysis. These issues are even...

journal article 2022

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Modeling and Optimal Tuning of Hybrid ESS Supporting Fast Active Power Regulation of Fully Decoupled Wind Power Generators

Zhang, Chenrui (author), Rakhshani, E. (author), Veerakumar, Nidarshan (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

The frequency stability of the power system is challenged by the high penetration of power electronic interfaced renewable energy sources (RES). This paper investigates the improvements of the frequency response of fully decoupled wind power generators (FDWG) by proposing a novel generic model implementation of ultracapacitors (UC) within a...

journal article 2021

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EMT Real-Time Simulation Model of a 2 GW Offshore Renewable Energy Hub Integrating Electrolysers

Marchand, J. (author), Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Lekić, A. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Due to their weak nature, such as low inertia, offshore energy hubs are prone to unprecedented fast dynamic phenomena. This can lead to undesired instability problems. Recent literature, with main focus on onshore systems, suggests that electrolysers could be an attractive option to support wind generators in the mitigation of balancing problems...

journal article 2021

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Dynamic Frequency Support for Low Inertia Power Systems by Renewable Energy Hubs with Fast Active Power Regulation

Rueda, José L. (author), Veerakumar, Nidarshan (author), Rakhshani, E. (author), Ahmad, Z. (author), Ebrahim Adabi, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author), van der Meijden, M.A.M.M. (author)

This paper concerns the feasibility of Fast Active Power Regulation (FAPR) in renewable energy hubs. Selected state-of-the-art FAPR strategies are applied to various controllable devices within a hub, such as a solar photovoltaic (PV) farm and an electrolyzer acting as a responsive load. Among the selected strategies are droop-based FAPR, droop...

journal article 2021

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Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Rueda, José L. (author), Ahmad, Z. (author), Veerakumar, Nidarshan (author), Rakhshani, E. (author), Ebrahim Adabi, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author), van der Meijden, M.A.M.M. (author)

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale...

journal article 2021

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Microsecond enhanced indirect model predictive control for dynamic power management in mmc units

Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Lekić, A. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

The multi-modular converter (MMC) technology is becoming the preferred option for the increased deployment of variable renewable energy sources (RES) into electrical power systems. MMC is known for its reliability and modularity. The fast adjustment of the MMC’s active/reactive powers, within a few milliseconds, constitutes a major research...

journal article 2021

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Real-Time Coupling of Geographically Distributed Research Infrastructures: Taxonomy, Overview and Real-World Smart Grid Applications

Syed, M.H. (author), Guillo-Sansano, E. (author), Wang, Y. (author), Vogel, S. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Burt, G. M. (author), Xu, Y. (author), Monti, A. (author), Hovsapian, R. (author)

Novel concepts enabling a resilient future power system and their subsequent experimental evaluation are experiencing a steadily growing challenge: large scale complexity and questionable scalability. The requirements on a research infrastructure (RI) to cope with the trends of such a dynamic system therefore grow in size, diversity and costs...

journal article 2020

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An Overview on the Reliability of Modern Power Electronic Based Power Systems

Peyghami, S. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Blaabjerg, Frede (author)

Renewable energy resources are becoming the dominating element in power systems. Along with de-carbonization, they transform power systems into a more distributed, autonomous, bottom-up style one. We speak of Smart Grid and Microgrid when distributed energy resources take over. While being a means to improve technical and financial efficiency,...

journal article 2020

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High Impedance Fault Detection using Advanced Distortion Detection Technique

Bhandia, R. (author), de Jesus Chavez, Jose (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

A High Impedance Fault (HIF) in the power distribution systems remains mostly undetected by conventional protection schemes due to low fault currents. Apart from degrading the reliability of power supply to customers, HIF can impose a high cost on the utilities due to technical damages. The nonlinear and asymmetric nature of HIF makes its...

journal article 2020

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A Comprehensive Review of the Integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems Into Distribution Networks

Stecca, M. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Recent developments in the electricity sector encourage a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In addition, European policies are pushing for mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to their non-controllable characteristics, these loads have brought new challenges in distribution networks, resulting in increased difficulty...

journal article 2020

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Transient stability performance of power systems with high share of wind generators equipped with power-angle modulation controllers or fast local voltage controllers

Perilla Guerra, A.D. (author), Papadakis, Stelios (author), Rueda, José L. (author), van der Meijden, M.A.M.M. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author)

The decommissioning of synchronous generators, and their replacement by decoupled renewable power plants, has a significant impact on the transient stability performance of a power system. This paper concerns with an investigation of the degree of transient stability enhancement that can be achieved in power systems with high shares (e.g.,...

journal article 2020

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System-Level Design for Reliability and Maintenance Scheduling in Modern Power Electronic-Based Power Systems

Peyghami, S. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmoud (author), Blaabjerg, Frede (author)

Power electronic converters will serve as the fundamental components of modern power systems. However, they may suffer from poorer reliability if not properly designed, consequently affecting the overall performance of power systems. Accordingly, the converter reliability should be taken into account in design and planning of Power Electronic...

journal article 2020

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Speeding Up AC Circuit Co-Simulations Through Selective Simulator Decoupling of Predictable States

López, Claudio (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Co-simulation has become increasingly popular as a tool for dealing with the unprecedented complexity of modern engineering systems, such as electrical power systems and the AC circuits that compose them. Co-simulation is useful when migrating the models of each subsystem to a single monolithic simulator is either impractical or impossible,...

journal article 2019