Modeling Pedestrian Tactical and Operational Decisions Under Risk and Uncertainty: A Two-Layer Model Framework

Pedestrian tactical choices and operational movement in evacuations essentially pertain to decision-making under risk and uncertainty. However, in microscopic evacuation models, this attribute has been greatly overlooked, even lacking a methodology to delineate the related decision characteristics (bounded rationality and risk attitudes), let...

Particle filter–based data assimilation in dynamic data-driven simulation: sensitivity analysis of three critical experimental conditions

Data assimilation (DA) is a methodology widely used by different disciplines of science and engineering. It is typically applied to continuous systems with numerical models. The application of DA to discrete-event and discrete-time systems including agent-based models is relatively new. Because of its non-linearity and non-Gaussianity, the...

Open Experimental Data-Sets to Reveal Behavioural Insights of High-Deck Coach Evacuations

Numerous evacuation performance data for the utilization in evacuation modelling and simulations have been established for the conventional/widely studied scenarios, such as building evacuation scenarios. However, such data are typically scarce for a new scenario in literature — evacuation from high-deck coaches. This paper fulfills this gap...

Evaluation of short-term streamflow prediction methods in Urban river basins

Efficient and accurate streamflow predictions are important for urban water management. Data-driven models, especially neural network (NN) models can predict streamflow fast, while the results are uncertain in some complex river systems. Physically based models can reveal the underlying physics, but it is relatively slow and computationally...

Strategic Use of Data Assimilation for Dynamic Data-Driven Simulation

Dynamic data-driven simulation (DDDS) incorporates real-time measurement data to improve simulation models during model run-time. Data assimilation (DA) methods aim to best approximate model states with imperfect measurements, where particle Filters (PFs) are commonly used with discrete-event simulations. In this paper, we study three critical...

Assessing the impacts of shared autonomous vehicles on congestion and curb use: A traffic simulation study in The Hague, Netherlands

New developments in the automotive world have the power to change mobility, but because of high uncertainties, municipalities are adopting a wait-and-see attitude. Nonetheless, autonomous, connected and shared vehicle technologies are in a far stage of development and it is only a matter of time before shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) enter...

Intercomparison of Large-Eddy Simulations of the Antarctic Boundary Layer for Very Stable Stratification

In polar regions, where the boundary layer is often stably stratified, atmospheric models produce large biases depending on the boundary-layer parametrizations and the parametrization of the exchange of energy at the surface. This model intercomparison focuses on the very stable stratification encountered over the Antarctic Plateau in 2009. Here...

Co-simulation of energy transition in residential sectors of Chinese lower-tier cities

China is undergoing large changes to tackle carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution. While the top-down governance allows for clear setting of emission reduction targets for industrial sectors and major cities, reducing emissions in residential sectors in smaller (the so-called low-tier) cities remain challenging and often unaddressed. This...

Examining the “time-zero” of autogenous shrinkage in high/ultra-high performance cement pastes

The term “Time-zero”, i.e., the time for the start of autogenous shrinkage measurement, is usually used for estimating the cracking potential of structural components. Accurate determination of the “time-zero” is therefore critical for autogenous shrinkage measurement, which is the main objective of this study. There is a general agreement...

Large Eddy Simulation of CO₂ diluted oxy-fuel spray flames

We report results of a computational study of oxy-fuel spray jet flames. An experimental database on flames of ethanol burning in a coflow of a O2–CO2 mixture, created at CORIA (Rouen, France), is used for model validation (Cléon et al., 2015). Depending on the coflow composition and velocity the flames in these experiments start at nozzle (type...

Graph transformation based simulation model generation

The graph transformation based method presented in this paper can automatically generate simulation models assuming that the models are intended for a certain domain. The method differs from other methods in that: the data used for model generation does not contain specifications of the model structures to be generated; the generated simulation...

Automated Simulation Model Generation

One of today's challenges in the field of modeling and simulation is to model increasingly larger and more complex systems. Complex models take long to develop and incur high costs. With the advances in data collection technologies and more popular use of computer-aided systems, more data has become available in many organizations. This often...

Gulf of Mexico hurricane wave simulations using SWAN: Bulk formula-based drag coefficient sensitivity for Hurricane Ike

The effects of wind input parameterizations on wave estimations under hurricane conditions are examined using the unstructured grid, third-generation wave model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN). Experiments using Hurricane Ike wind forcing, which impacted the Gulf of Mexico in 2008, illustrate that the default and recommended setting for the...

Towards automated model calibration and validation in rail transit simulation

The benefit of modeling and simulation in rail transit operations has been demonstrated in various studies. However, the complex dynamics involved and the ever-changing environment in which rail systems evolve expose the limits of classical simulation. Changing environmental conditions and second order dynamics challenge the validity of the...

A simulation based design framework for large scale infrastructure systems design

This paper discusses an enhanced use of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) in the design cycle of large scale infrastructure systems. After a short review of the use of M&S in the current systems design process, we identify some issues in multi-actor design environment. A Simulation Based Design (SBD) framework is proposed to tackle these issues...

Simulation-based design for infrastructure system simulation

Simulation models are often used to analyze the behavior and performance of infrastructure systems. The use of simulation models in multi-actor design processes is restricted to the analysis phase after conceptual designs have been completed. To use simulation models throughout the design process, simulation environments need to be adapted to...