Precise point positioning on the reliable detection of tropospheric model errors

Precise point positioning (PPP) is one of the well-known applications of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and provides precise positioning solutions using accurate satellite orbit and clock products. The tropospheric delay due to the neutral atmosphere for microwave signals is one of the main sources of measurement error in PPP. As...

Troposphere Modeling and Filtering for Precise GPS Leveling

Precise height differences (5--10 mm standard deviation) are of interest for applications such as maintenance of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum and deformation analysis. For these applications the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a cost-effective alternative for classic leveling techniques. However, the constituents in the troposphere, of which...