Chapter 4: Incident Investigation in SMS and FRMS The European Commission HILAS project (Human Integration into the Lifecycle of Aviation Systems - a project supported by the European Commission’s 6th Framework between 2005-2009) was focused on using human factors knowledge and methodology to address key challenges for aviation (current and future) including a performance based approach for safety and fatigue management in the aviation sector, mainly inflight operations and maintenance. The project Deliverables have been presented as a series of draft book chapters on Safety Management Systems with emphasis on Fatigue risk Management and organisational learning from operational experiences in aviation. The chapters also include conceptual frameworks underlying a thorough analysis of essential functions, contents and structures of a Safety Management System (SMS). This includes supporting functionalities such as investigation in just culture context, decision making processes, and safety promotion. This set of eight (8) draft chapters links theory with field implementation and regulation in airlines. The draft chapters are: Ch. 1: Organisational Learning and Organisational Memory for SMS and FRMS Ch. 2: Resilience Safety Culture in Aviation Organisations Ch. 3: Operational Risk Management System for SMS and FRMS Ch. 4: Incident Investigation in SMS and FRMS Ch. 5: Developing a Safety Management System for Fatigue Related Risks in easyJet Ch. 6: Safety Assurance Process for FRMS – easyJet case study Implementation Ch. 7: Developing a Resilient Just Culture in SMS and FRMS – easyJet case study Implementation Ch. 8: International Fatigue Risk Management Forum - Safety Promotion and Feedback in FRMS