CO2 capture and underground storage, combined with geothermal resource exploitation, are vital for future sustainable and renewable energy. The SUCCEED project explores the feasibility of re-injecting CO2 into geothermal fields to enhance production and store CO2 for climate change mitigation. This integration requires novel time-lapse monitoring approaches. At the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant in Iceland, seismic surveys utilizing conventional geophones and a permanent fiber-optic helically wound cable (HWC) for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) were designed to provide subsurface information and CO2 monitoring. This work details the feasibility study and active seismic acquisition of the baseline survey, focusing on optical fiber sensitivity, seismic modeling, acquisition parameters, source configurations, and quality control. Post-acquisition signal analysis using a novel electromagnetic vibrating source is discussed. The integrated analysis of datasets from co-located sensors improved quality-control performance and geophysical interpretation. The study demonstrates the advantages of using densely sampled DAS data in space by multichannel processing. This experimental work highlights the feasibility of using HWC DAS cables in active surface seismic surveys with an environmentally friendly electromagnetic source, providing also a unique case of joint signal analysis from different types of sensors in high-temperature geothermal areas for energy and CO2 storage monitoring in a time-lapse perspective.

Geothermal power production may result in significant CO2 emissions as part of the produced steam. CO2 capture, utilisation, subsurface storage (CCUS) and developments to exploit geothermal resources are focal points for future clean and renewable energy strategies. The Synergetic Utilisation of CO2 Storage Coupled with Geothermal Energy Deployment (SUCCEED) project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using produced CO2 for re-injection in the geothermal field to improve geothermal performance, while also storing the CO2 as an action for climate change mitigation. Our study has the aim to develop innovative reservoir-monitoring technologies via active-source seismic data acquisition using a novel electric seismic vibrator source and permanently installed helically wound cable (HWC) fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system. Implemented together with auxiliary multi-component (3C and 2C) geophone receiver arrays, this approach gave us the opportunity to compare and cross-validate the results using wavefields from different acquisition systems. We present the results of the baseline survey of a time-lapse monitoring project at the Hellisheiði geothermal field in Iceland. We perform tomographic inversion and multichannel seismic processing to investigate both the shallower and the deeper basaltic rocks targets. The wavefield analysis is supported by seismic modelling. The HWC DAS and the geophone-stacked sections show good consistency, highlighting the same reflection zones. The comparison of the new DAS technology with the well-known standard geophone acquisition proves the effectiveness and reliability of using broadside sensitivity HWC DAS in surface monitoring applications.