Pulse oximetry is an essential part of modern patient monitoring, but the current widespread use of single-use pulse oximeters in hospitals results in significant environmental impact (Duffy et al., 2023). Although reusable alternatives exist, their adoption remains limited (Noort et al., 2024). This graduation project, in collaboration with the Erasmus Medical Center and Philips, investigates the barriers to reusable pulse oximeter use and proposes a solution through product and system redesign.

A mixed-method research approach was used to identify key obstacles on system and product level. Barriers included poor cleaning compliance, sensor loss during patient transfers, off-label use in low-perfusion patients, sensor instability, alarm fatigue and discomfort for patients. Through interviews, observational studies, and co-creation sessions with hospital stakeholders, these barriers were mapped.

Short-term solution directions, such as monthly sensor redistribution, clearer cleaning responsibilities, and market research into low-perfusion sensors, were identified through co-creation and can form interventions in the current system to create sustainable change now.

To address barriers through product redesign, the Philips Nova was developed (figure 1), a hybrid pulse oximeter consisting of a reusable sensor base and a single-use adhesive patch. The design supports reuse through cleaning, cable repair to extend product lifespan and critical material recovery through recycling, while improving patient comfort. An integrated tracking system, Philips Connect, enables lifecycle data collection, supports circular business models such as product-as-a-service, and helps prevent unnecessary sensor loss or repurchasing. The Philips Nova builds on the existing system, minimizing workflow disruption and allowing easy adoption.

Together, the product concept and system recommendations form a practical roadmap for sustainable pulse oximetry in Dutch hospitals, bringing it closer to achieving circularity.