M. Akay
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16 records found
1
Parametric modelling for temporary housing areas
Integrating multi-source standards with multi-objective optimisation
Post-disaster planning demands swift yet quality-conscious decision-making under extreme time pressure and cognitive load, conditions under which conventional approaches frequently fail. While extensive research addresses site selection through multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS-based methods, a critical gap persists in the computational generation of internal site layouts that algorithmically integrate humanitarian spatial standards from multiple institutional sources. This study develops a generative design framework integrating parametric modelling with multi-objective evolutionary optimisation to address this gap. It translates qualitative standards from the SPHERE Association, UNHCR, and national guidelines into quantitative design parameters for temporary housing areas. The methodology proceeds in three stages: (1) systematic extraction and synthesis of spatial parameters from international (SPHERE, UNHCR) and national (AFAD, Chamber of Urban Planners) sources; (2) parametric modelling in Rhino-Grasshopper® to encode design parameters; (3) multi-objective optimisation using NSGA-II genetic algorithms to balance shelter capacity maximisation and 500-m pedestrian accessibility to service hubs. Applied to Ümraniye National Garden, a pre-designated 15-ha temporary housing site in Istanbul, the framework generated 2500 design alternatives, identifying 50 Pareto-optimal configurations spanning capacity-accessibility trade-offs from high-density solutions (1737 units, 19% accessible within 500 m) to accessibility-optimised layouts (1222 units, 92% accessible). This research contributes a replicable, standards-informed computational workflow that systematically reconciles multi-source humanitarian standards and generates site layouts through multi-objective optimisation, advancing beyond component-level optimisation and evaluation-focused approaches. By providing decision-makers with diverse Pareto-optimal alternatives rather than single predetermined solutions, the framework shifts temporary housing design from static manual drafting toward agile, evidence-based generative processes suitable for crisis decision-making contexts.
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Post-disaster planning demands swift yet quality-conscious decision-making under extreme time pressure and cognitive load, conditions under which conventional approaches frequently fail. While extensive research addresses site selection through multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS-based methods, a critical gap persists in the computational generation of internal site layouts that algorithmically integrate humanitarian spatial standards from multiple institutional sources. This study develops a generative design framework integrating parametric modelling with multi-objective evolutionary optimisation to address this gap. It translates qualitative standards from the SPHERE Association, UNHCR, and national guidelines into quantitative design parameters for temporary housing areas. The methodology proceeds in three stages: (1) systematic extraction and synthesis of spatial parameters from international (SPHERE, UNHCR) and national (AFAD, Chamber of Urban Planners) sources; (2) parametric modelling in Rhino-Grasshopper® to encode design parameters; (3) multi-objective optimisation using NSGA-II genetic algorithms to balance shelter capacity maximisation and 500-m pedestrian accessibility to service hubs. Applied to Ümraniye National Garden, a pre-designated 15-ha temporary housing site in Istanbul, the framework generated 2500 design alternatives, identifying 50 Pareto-optimal configurations spanning capacity-accessibility trade-offs from high-density solutions (1737 units, 19% accessible within 500 m) to accessibility-optimised layouts (1222 units, 92% accessible). This research contributes a replicable, standards-informed computational workflow that systematically reconciles multi-source humanitarian standards and generates site layouts through multi-objective optimisation, advancing beyond component-level optimisation and evaluation-focused approaches. By providing decision-makers with diverse Pareto-optimal alternatives rather than single predetermined solutions, the framework shifts temporary housing design from static manual drafting toward agile, evidence-based generative processes suitable for crisis decision-making contexts.
Identifying morphological thresholds in spatio-thermal interactions
Benchmarking interpretable AI for urban heat
Urban heat exhibits complex nonlinear relationships with morphological form, with thermal responses shifting across critical thresholds in building density, canyon geometry, and block configuration. While machine learning enables the detection of these interactions, existing studies predominantly report broad threshold ranges without identifying precise morphological breakpoints or validating findings across different models, thereby limiting translation into regulatory standards. This study benchmarks four tree-based AI algorithms – XGBoost, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Random Forest (RF), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) – for predictive performance and interpretability in Istanbul's urban heat analysis. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) quantify feature contributions across models, while hierarchical change-point detection identifies precise morphological thresholds where thermal effects shift between nonlinear regimes. Results reveal narrow differences in accuracy (R2 = 0.675–0.685), with computational efficiency and interpretability proving more decisive. LGBM trained 4.5 times faster than RF, and XGBoost exhibited the highest morphological sensitivity. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and building count emerge as dominant thermal drivers across all models. Consensus-based threshold detection, quantified as inter-model standard deviation (SD) across the four algorithms, yielded 80 breakpoints. Three exhibit high cross-model agreement (SD < 0.02), indicating model-invariant regime shifts: verticality at height-to-footprint ratio (H/A) = 0.14 marks the onset of canyon shading effects that offset thermal mass penalties; urban block area thresholds at 2248 m2 and 6883 m2 indicate permeability constraints triggering heat retention. Four thresholds demonstrated moderate consensus (SD 0.02–0.04): building density at ∼16 buildings/ha corresponds to nonlinear heat intensification as impervious coverage reaches 49%; floor area ratio at 1.38 marks mid-rise regime shifts. By validating thresholds across models, this study moves beyond approximate value ranges toward robust thresholds applicable to climate-responsive zoning. This represents one of the first empirical contributions to systematically detect morphological breakpoints through cross-model validation.
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Urban heat exhibits complex nonlinear relationships with morphological form, with thermal responses shifting across critical thresholds in building density, canyon geometry, and block configuration. While machine learning enables the detection of these interactions, existing studies predominantly report broad threshold ranges without identifying precise morphological breakpoints or validating findings across different models, thereby limiting translation into regulatory standards. This study benchmarks four tree-based AI algorithms – XGBoost, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Random Forest (RF), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) – for predictive performance and interpretability in Istanbul's urban heat analysis. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) quantify feature contributions across models, while hierarchical change-point detection identifies precise morphological thresholds where thermal effects shift between nonlinear regimes. Results reveal narrow differences in accuracy (R2 = 0.675–0.685), with computational efficiency and interpretability proving more decisive. LGBM trained 4.5 times faster than RF, and XGBoost exhibited the highest morphological sensitivity. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and building count emerge as dominant thermal drivers across all models. Consensus-based threshold detection, quantified as inter-model standard deviation (SD) across the four algorithms, yielded 80 breakpoints. Three exhibit high cross-model agreement (SD < 0.02), indicating model-invariant regime shifts: verticality at height-to-footprint ratio (H/A) = 0.14 marks the onset of canyon shading effects that offset thermal mass penalties; urban block area thresholds at 2248 m2 and 6883 m2 indicate permeability constraints triggering heat retention. Four thresholds demonstrated moderate consensus (SD 0.02–0.04): building density at ∼16 buildings/ha corresponds to nonlinear heat intensification as impervious coverage reaches 49%; floor area ratio at 1.38 marks mid-rise regime shifts. By validating thresholds across models, this study moves beyond approximate value ranges toward robust thresholds applicable to climate-responsive zoning. This represents one of the first empirical contributions to systematically detect morphological breakpoints through cross-model validation.
Publisher Correction
A parametric approach to plot-based urban design: A climate-responsive algorithmic control for the generation of urban block (URBAN DESIGN International, (2025), 10.1057/s41289-025-00291-6)
The published version of the article did not reflect the corrections submitted during the proof stage. This included important updates to the author order, as well as revisions to figure placements and other textual details. • The order of the authors and the corresponding author is wrong, and it needs to be corrected. Mert Akay should be listed first as the corresponding author. • Within the current form of the article, from Figure 2 onwards, the figures themselves are mismatched. The figure captions are correct, but the image contents should be rearranged as follows: Current Figure 2 → image of Figure 10 Current Figure 3 → image of Figure 2 Current Figure 4 → image of Figure 3 Current Figure 5 → image of Figure 4 Current Figure 6 → image of Figure 5 Current Figure 7 → image of Figure 6 Current Figure 8 → image of Figure 7 Current Figure 9 → image of Figure 8 Current Figure 10 → image of Figure 9 We would be grateful if you could place the correct images under the intended figure numbers and, if necessary, update captions and in-text references accordingly The Original article has been corrected. Publisher sincerely apologizes for any confusion this may have caused.
...
The published version of the article did not reflect the corrections submitted during the proof stage. This included important updates to the author order, as well as revisions to figure placements and other textual details. • The order of the authors and the corresponding author is wrong, and it needs to be corrected. Mert Akay should be listed first as the corresponding author. • Within the current form of the article, from Figure 2 onwards, the figures themselves are mismatched. The figure captions are correct, but the image contents should be rearranged as follows: Current Figure 2 → image of Figure 10 Current Figure 3 → image of Figure 2 Current Figure 4 → image of Figure 3 Current Figure 5 → image of Figure 4 Current Figure 6 → image of Figure 5 Current Figure 7 → image of Figure 6 Current Figure 8 → image of Figure 7 Current Figure 9 → image of Figure 8 Current Figure 10 → image of Figure 9 We would be grateful if you could place the correct images under the intended figure numbers and, if necessary, update captions and in-text references accordingly The Original article has been corrected. Publisher sincerely apologizes for any confusion this may have caused.
This study aims to quantify the impact of multiscale morphological features on urban heat heterogeneity by comparing linear (Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression -MGWR-) and non-linear (eXtreme Gradient Boosting -XGBoost-) statistical models to decode global-local relationships and develop cooling strategies. The research followed a five-stage methodology: (1) hexagon-based sample selection, (2) urban heat extraction, (3) multiscale morphological measurements, (4) application of MGWR and SHAP-explained XGBoost, and (5) sensitivity analyses. Both models computed the model accuracy by employing three parameters, the coefficient of determination, the adjusted coefficient of determination, and the root mean square error, enabling the comparison of the linear-based and non-linear-based approaches. This framework addressed knowledge gaps related to model-specificity, statistical model performances, building granularity and urban network parameters impact, spatial heterogeneity in linear models, and interpretability challenges in machine learning outputs. XGBoost outperformed at modelling discrete spatial heterogeneity due to its tree-based algorithm, while MGWR effectively modelled continuous spatial heterogeneity. Both models consistently identified ground area ratio (GAR) and number of plots (UBP) as major contributors to urban heat. GAR and UBP showed a strong non-linear influence on urban heat. The non-linearity extracted by XGBoost initially showed an upward trend in temperatures, but a diminishing return at a higher value of GAR and UBP. Although building features showed a low individual impact, their negative correlation with urban heat suggested a cumulative cooling potential. The research underscores model-specific non-stationary relationships between urban morpho-space and localised urban heat, promoting a tailored examination of mitigation potentials over a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, guiding urban planners to optimise built-fabric for effective heat mitigation and improved urban thermal quality.
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This study aims to quantify the impact of multiscale morphological features on urban heat heterogeneity by comparing linear (Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression -MGWR-) and non-linear (eXtreme Gradient Boosting -XGBoost-) statistical models to decode global-local relationships and develop cooling strategies. The research followed a five-stage methodology: (1) hexagon-based sample selection, (2) urban heat extraction, (3) multiscale morphological measurements, (4) application of MGWR and SHAP-explained XGBoost, and (5) sensitivity analyses. Both models computed the model accuracy by employing three parameters, the coefficient of determination, the adjusted coefficient of determination, and the root mean square error, enabling the comparison of the linear-based and non-linear-based approaches. This framework addressed knowledge gaps related to model-specificity, statistical model performances, building granularity and urban network parameters impact, spatial heterogeneity in linear models, and interpretability challenges in machine learning outputs. XGBoost outperformed at modelling discrete spatial heterogeneity due to its tree-based algorithm, while MGWR effectively modelled continuous spatial heterogeneity. Both models consistently identified ground area ratio (GAR) and number of plots (UBP) as major contributors to urban heat. GAR and UBP showed a strong non-linear influence on urban heat. The non-linearity extracted by XGBoost initially showed an upward trend in temperatures, but a diminishing return at a higher value of GAR and UBP. Although building features showed a low individual impact, their negative correlation with urban heat suggested a cumulative cooling potential. The research underscores model-specific non-stationary relationships between urban morpho-space and localised urban heat, promoting a tailored examination of mitigation potentials over a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, guiding urban planners to optimise built-fabric for effective heat mitigation and improved urban thermal quality.
A parametric approach to plot-based urban design
A climate-responsive algorithmic control for the generation of urban block
In modern urbanism, (re)production of urban land predominantly relies on large parcels through intensive capital investments. Such a mainstream significantly shapes the overall urban form, subsequently influencing the quality of life through the perceived characteristics of the form and program of the planned districts. Consequently, critical urban design theory increasingly prioritizes the plot as the fundamental unit of future urban development. While ‘plot-based urbanism’ presents a responsive approach to this issue, there remains a notable gap in systematic methodologies that can be universally applied across different contexts. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithmic framework that would be employed as a design control tool based on the associative logic of plot-based urban formation. The model framework comprises three steps: (1) plot layout generation, (2) building configuration, and (3) incremental formation of the block fabric. The applied model demonstrates the compositional variation and coherence within the urban block while concurrently optimizing the climatic performance of the emerging fabric.
...
In modern urbanism, (re)production of urban land predominantly relies on large parcels through intensive capital investments. Such a mainstream significantly shapes the overall urban form, subsequently influencing the quality of life through the perceived characteristics of the form and program of the planned districts. Consequently, critical urban design theory increasingly prioritizes the plot as the fundamental unit of future urban development. While ‘plot-based urbanism’ presents a responsive approach to this issue, there remains a notable gap in systematic methodologies that can be universally applied across different contexts. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithmic framework that would be employed as a design control tool based on the associative logic of plot-based urban formation. The model framework comprises three steps: (1) plot layout generation, (2) building configuration, and (3) incremental formation of the block fabric. The applied model demonstrates the compositional variation and coherence within the urban block while concurrently optimizing the climatic performance of the emerging fabric.
Investigating the influence of spatial characteristics on cycling volume
A multi-scale geographic weighted regression approach
Cycling has seen a remarkable rise, signifying a paradigmatic move towards sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient commuting alternatives in the contemporary urban setting. Cities also encourage this trend by establishing cycle lanes, bike-sharing programs, and incentives for frequent riders. To enhance these motivations from an urbanistic perspective, it is essential to comprehend the influence of urban characteristics on cycling volume and to incorporate this understanding into data-driven decision-making processes. This research examines the Bicification project data from Istanbul with a spatial perspective. Utilising a comprehensive array of spatial big data, the study explores the impact of urban land use, transport services, land morphology, and sociodemographic factors on cycling volume through a Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). With an Adj R2 value of 0.68, the model demonstrates a strong relation between cycling volume and several factors, including biking park stations, park and ride points, pier stops, rail stops, transfer points, main roads, elevation, population, industrial facilities, health facilities, sports areas, and residential areas. The findings will serve to develop a data-driven strategic approach to promote cycling in Istanbul.
...
Cycling has seen a remarkable rise, signifying a paradigmatic move towards sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient commuting alternatives in the contemporary urban setting. Cities also encourage this trend by establishing cycle lanes, bike-sharing programs, and incentives for frequent riders. To enhance these motivations from an urbanistic perspective, it is essential to comprehend the influence of urban characteristics on cycling volume and to incorporate this understanding into data-driven decision-making processes. This research examines the Bicification project data from Istanbul with a spatial perspective. Utilising a comprehensive array of spatial big data, the study explores the impact of urban land use, transport services, land morphology, and sociodemographic factors on cycling volume through a Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). With an Adj R2 value of 0.68, the model demonstrates a strong relation between cycling volume and several factors, including biking park stations, park and ride points, pier stops, rail stops, transfer points, main roads, elevation, population, industrial facilities, health facilities, sports areas, and residential areas. The findings will serve to develop a data-driven strategic approach to promote cycling in Istanbul.
Book chapter
(2023)
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Olgu Çalışkan, Neris Saadet Parlak, Mert Akay
For the last decades, interest in urban morphology studies has increased in Türkiye. Urban morphology has become a widespread study field within the quantitative and qualitative track of urbanism to investigate further the character of Turkish cities and their urban fabric. Aiming to make urban morphology an independent and interdisciplinary research field, the Turkish Network of Urban Morphology (TNUM) was founded in 2014 as a remarkable development. The main objective of TNUM is to create a common platform for urban morphology studies and to develop national/ international collaborations. For this purpose, TNUM held several academic events to increase the impact of the discipline of urban morphology. In this context, TNUM organised three national urban morphology symposiums; Mersin (2015), Istanbul (2018), and Ankara (2021), and the next event will be held in Konya in May 2023. Within this perspective, the primary intention of this research is to analyse the urban morphology studies in Türkiye contextually through the specified themes of the past three symposiums. It also aims to present the activities of TNUM for the last decade to propound the current morphology discussions in Türkiye. Eventually, the research will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the morphology studies by discussing possible further directions.
...
For the last decades, interest in urban morphology studies has increased in Türkiye. Urban morphology has become a widespread study field within the quantitative and qualitative track of urbanism to investigate further the character of Turkish cities and their urban fabric. Aiming to make urban morphology an independent and interdisciplinary research field, the Turkish Network of Urban Morphology (TNUM) was founded in 2014 as a remarkable development. The main objective of TNUM is to create a common platform for urban morphology studies and to develop national/ international collaborations. For this purpose, TNUM held several academic events to increase the impact of the discipline of urban morphology. In this context, TNUM organised three national urban morphology symposiums; Mersin (2015), Istanbul (2018), and Ankara (2021), and the next event will be held in Konya in May 2023. Within this perspective, the primary intention of this research is to analyse the urban morphology studies in Türkiye contextually through the specified themes of the past three symposiums. It also aims to present the activities of TNUM for the last decade to propound the current morphology discussions in Türkiye. Eventually, the research will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the morphology studies by discussing possible further directions.
Typological diversity and morphological continuity in the modern residential fabric
The case of Ankara, Turkey
Each city has a unique fabric corresponding to the dominant modes of production, legal control, and guidance systems in which it operates. Any periodic alteration in the settled mode of housing supply, in this sense, potentially results in an intrinsic change in ‘typological diversity’ and ‘spatial continuity’ within the collective fabric. If not coordinated by design and development control, the emergent variation in the housing typology may result in spatial fragmentation through the collective urban fabric. To test that point, the paper aims to reveal the subtle relationship between the two phenomena on a morphological basis. Through rapidly changing socio-economic dynamics in the last century, the cities of Turkey are subject to different housing production forms, therefore, offering a relevant context to examine the issue.
Along with a planning system without effective development control tools to ensure spatial coherence responding to the dynamic nature of the housing sector, the residential fabric of Ankara comprises all the dominant housing typologies that emerged within different periods in Turkey. Accordingly, following a historical review of the housing supply forms in Turkey, the paper maps the emerging patterns of modern housing typologies through successive development zones of the city. It examines their internal typomorphological characteristics via a series of transects. Utilizing the GIS-based coherency analysis, the level of morphological continuity on each transect is calculated. Consequently, in light of the findings of the analysis, a critical perspective on housing production and development control creating different forms of spatial fragmentation through typological variation is suggested. ...
Along with a planning system without effective development control tools to ensure spatial coherence responding to the dynamic nature of the housing sector, the residential fabric of Ankara comprises all the dominant housing typologies that emerged within different periods in Turkey. Accordingly, following a historical review of the housing supply forms in Turkey, the paper maps the emerging patterns of modern housing typologies through successive development zones of the city. It examines their internal typomorphological characteristics via a series of transects. Utilizing the GIS-based coherency analysis, the level of morphological continuity on each transect is calculated. Consequently, in light of the findings of the analysis, a critical perspective on housing production and development control creating different forms of spatial fragmentation through typological variation is suggested. ...
Each city has a unique fabric corresponding to the dominant modes of production, legal control, and guidance systems in which it operates. Any periodic alteration in the settled mode of housing supply, in this sense, potentially results in an intrinsic change in ‘typological diversity’ and ‘spatial continuity’ within the collective fabric. If not coordinated by design and development control, the emergent variation in the housing typology may result in spatial fragmentation through the collective urban fabric. To test that point, the paper aims to reveal the subtle relationship between the two phenomena on a morphological basis. Through rapidly changing socio-economic dynamics in the last century, the cities of Turkey are subject to different housing production forms, therefore, offering a relevant context to examine the issue.
Along with a planning system without effective development control tools to ensure spatial coherence responding to the dynamic nature of the housing sector, the residential fabric of Ankara comprises all the dominant housing typologies that emerged within different periods in Turkey. Accordingly, following a historical review of the housing supply forms in Turkey, the paper maps the emerging patterns of modern housing typologies through successive development zones of the city. It examines their internal typomorphological characteristics via a series of transects. Utilizing the GIS-based coherency analysis, the level of morphological continuity on each transect is calculated. Consequently, in light of the findings of the analysis, a critical perspective on housing production and development control creating different forms of spatial fragmentation through typological variation is suggested.
Along with a planning system without effective development control tools to ensure spatial coherence responding to the dynamic nature of the housing sector, the residential fabric of Ankara comprises all the dominant housing typologies that emerged within different periods in Turkey. Accordingly, following a historical review of the housing supply forms in Turkey, the paper maps the emerging patterns of modern housing typologies through successive development zones of the city. It examines their internal typomorphological characteristics via a series of transects. Utilizing the GIS-based coherency analysis, the level of morphological continuity on each transect is calculated. Consequently, in light of the findings of the analysis, a critical perspective on housing production and development control creating different forms of spatial fragmentation through typological variation is suggested.
Ülke Planlamada Kentsel Dönüşümün Yeri
Türkiye Mekânsal Strateji Planı Örneği
Urban transformation is more prominent in the world regarding planning, architecture and design practices. However, this concept, which is legally and administratively essential and has a place to different extents, includes many definitions and application types. In Republic of Türkiye, the urban transformation has become a method primarily associated with natural disasters and has been used to increase the resilience of cities. Although each urban transformation implementation
has its own spatial, social and economic context, this article aims to describe the roadmap for implementing urban transformation to lower scales by revealing how it is handled in an upper scale spatial planning approach, such as the studies of the Spatial Strategy The plan of Türkiye at the country level was realised for the first time in Türkiye.
...
Urban transformation is more prominent in the world regarding planning, architecture and design practices. However, this concept, which is legally and administratively essential and has a place to different extents, includes many definitions and application types. In Republic of Türkiye, the urban transformation has become a method primarily associated with natural disasters and has been used to increase the resilience of cities. Although each urban transformation implementation
has its own spatial, social and economic context, this article aims to describe the roadmap for implementing urban transformation to lower scales by revealing how it is handled in an upper scale spatial planning approach, such as the studies of the Spatial Strategy The plan of Türkiye at the country level was realised for the first time in Türkiye.
Journal article
(2022)
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Olgu Çalışkan, Bardia Mashhoodi, Mert Akay
Urban morphology has made remarkable progress within its quantitative track. This advancement signifies the potential contribution of the school of typomorphology to the growing literature on urban sustainability that tends to measure the relative performance of urban fabrics with metric variables. To that end, a joint framework combining the different metric definitions of the urban form provided by individual studies would ensure a terminological consensus, which is somewhat lacking in the current literature. Reviewing the indicators of the building fabric and the original definitions suggested in prominent studies in urban morphology, this paper proposed an expanded index for the so-called metric typomorphology. In this framework, following the conceptual and metric formulations of the form indicators, the building fabrics of the three neighbourhoods in Rotterdam in the Netherlands are mapped by typo-morphological analyses. This paper suggests an eventual computational basis for the typological characterization of tissues with a particular reference to the building fabric.
...
Urban morphology has made remarkable progress within its quantitative track. This advancement signifies the potential contribution of the school of typomorphology to the growing literature on urban sustainability that tends to measure the relative performance of urban fabrics with metric variables. To that end, a joint framework combining the different metric definitions of the urban form provided by individual studies would ensure a terminological consensus, which is somewhat lacking in the current literature. Reviewing the indicators of the building fabric and the original definitions suggested in prominent studies in urban morphology, this paper proposed an expanded index for the so-called metric typomorphology. In this framework, following the conceptual and metric formulations of the form indicators, the building fabrics of the three neighbourhoods in Rotterdam in the Netherlands are mapped by typo-morphological analyses. This paper suggests an eventual computational basis for the typological characterization of tissues with a particular reference to the building fabric.
Conference paper
(2019)
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Aliye Ahu Gülümser, Eren Kürkçüoğlu, Mert Akay
Conference paper
(2019)
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Ayşe Sema Kubat, Mert Akay, Ela Akdoğan
Journal article
(2019)
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Fatih Terzi, Mert Akay, Deniz Erdem Okumus, Pinar Gokce
Conference paper
(2019)
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A.S. Kubat, İ. Kurtuluş, M. Akay, E. Akdoğan
The Historical Peninsula of Istanbul is one of the earliest settlements of the city which dates back to the ancient ages and it carries the cultural and historical assets from different periods and civilizations at present. Istanbul is the only city in the world that sits astride two continents, Europe and Asia and was the capital of the three great empires throughout its history; Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman. Its hilly topography has always been the dominant character of the historical city creating the spots for the location of the landmarks. Each civilization selected the highest points of the site to build the most significant structures that reflected their power and wealth. The steep feature of the landform provided visual fields through cultural and historical heritages in and around the area. The aim of our study is, to propose a “visual impact management plan and a design proposal” to create urban corridors, viewing platforms, terraces and plazas linking the landmarks visually for the pedestrians walking through the area and to make them recognize and be aware of the characteristic spaces and buildings around the area. In this context, within the scope of the study, design strategies developed in line with the concept of view management have been tested through space syntax which inherent visual continuity and integrity. Based on the essence and realization of the visual analysis, space syntax is adapted in relation to the view management approach which made it possible to create planning and design decisions at different scales on the selected case area that has characteristic topographical features and strategic location in the Golden Horn of the historical Istanbul.
...
The Historical Peninsula of Istanbul is one of the earliest settlements of the city which dates back to the ancient ages and it carries the cultural and historical assets from different periods and civilizations at present. Istanbul is the only city in the world that sits astride two continents, Europe and Asia and was the capital of the three great empires throughout its history; Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman. Its hilly topography has always been the dominant character of the historical city creating the spots for the location of the landmarks. Each civilization selected the highest points of the site to build the most significant structures that reflected their power and wealth. The steep feature of the landform provided visual fields through cultural and historical heritages in and around the area. The aim of our study is, to propose a “visual impact management plan and a design proposal” to create urban corridors, viewing platforms, terraces and plazas linking the landmarks visually for the pedestrians walking through the area and to make them recognize and be aware of the characteristic spaces and buildings around the area. In this context, within the scope of the study, design strategies developed in line with the concept of view management have been tested through space syntax which inherent visual continuity and integrity. Based on the essence and realization of the visual analysis, space syntax is adapted in relation to the view management approach which made it possible to create planning and design decisions at different scales on the selected case area that has characteristic topographical features and strategic location in the Golden Horn of the historical Istanbul.