Within the research project TAURA, a traffic noise auralization system was developed that covers road traffic and railway noise. This paper focuses on an emission synthesizer for railway noise and presents a concept for rolling and impact noise. The synthesis is based on a physical approach in which the noise generation mechanism is modeled in the time domain. As a starting point, equivalent roughness patterns of each wheel and the rail are generated. These spatial signals are used to implicitly model the mechanical excitation of the wheel/rail system. Transfer paths describing the vibrational behavior and the radiation of wheels and rail are implemented as digital filters. This approach features a high degree of flexibility but requires knowledge of the detailed model parameters.@en

sonAIR is a recently developed aircraft noise simulation model. Its emission database has been derived from measurements of real air traffic at Zurich airport. Within the scope of validation, a systematic comparison of calculations with measurements from different data sources and airports is currently being carried out. In this paper, a specific case study of this validation process is presented. The study is based on measurements of 74 flights by 14 different turbofan powered aircraft during final approach at Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The measurements were conducted by Delft University of Technology within the scope of developing an acoustic camera. Since the microphones were placed on a sound-absorbing supporting structure very close to the ground, a detailed modeling of the set-up was needed to account for the reflector area and surface properties. Despite this challenge, a comparison of simulation and measurements revealed a good agreement in sound exposure levels. The mean difference in LAE,t10 between measurements and calculations amounted to -0.4 dB with a standard deviation of 1.1 dB. These results confirm the capability of sonAIR to accurately simulate single flights and demonstrate the applicability of the model to different airports.@en