Biodesign plays a critical role in developing innovative solutions, such as carbon capturing with living materials that incorporate photosynthetic organisms. Team effectiveness is a crucial aspect of successful collaboration and has been extensively studied in various fields. However, research on team effectiveness in the emerging field of Biodesign remains limited. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of transdisciplinary collaboration on team effectiveness and proposing strategies for its enhancement in the future. In scientific teams, factors such as individual expertise, disciplinary composition, and social dynamics significantly influence team effectiveness. Issues related to team leadership, coordination, and communication have been identified as major contributors to problems in many industries. This study focuses on exploring how the convergence of different scientific backgrounds and individual perspectives within transdisciplinary Biodesign teams influences team effectiveness. By gaining valuable insights into the dynamics at play, this research aims to lay the foundation for the development of a tool that can enhance team effectiveness across Biodesign projects. To address the research objective, several sub-questions are proposed. The first sub-question explores themes such as team processes, social networks, hierarchy, disciplinarity, and participatory design that impact team effectiveness in scientific teams. A comprehensive literature study will shed light on this sub-question. The second sub-question investigates the specific themes that affect overall team effectiveness in the Biodesign field. An exploratory case study, involving six expert interviews, will provide insights into this sub-question. Finally, the third sub-question explores the potential of leveraging these identified themes to enhance the team effectiveness of a Biodesign research group. This sub-question will be answered by connecting the findings from the literature study to the data obtained from the case study. In the final phase of this thesis, a tool called the Dual Feedback System (DFS) was developed with the purpose of enhancing team effectiveness in Biodesign and other academic teams. DFS comprises two components: the Satisfaction Survey and the Feedback Meeting. It involves BEP, MEP, or PhD students and their supervisors who complete the survey to provide feedback on different aspects of the ongoing project, including project satisfaction, teamwork, and supervision. The survey results serve as the foundation for the subsequent Feedback Meeting, which aims to facilitate open communication and bridge the existing hierarchical gap between participants, fostering a collaborative and constructive environment. Overall, this thesis contributes to our understanding of team effectiveness in the Biodesign field and provides valuable insights in how collaborations can be improved and team effectiveness in transdisciplinary research teams can be enhanced. The findings serve as the basis for the development of DFS, designed to enhance team effectiveness in Biodesign and other academic teams. The implementation of this tool within teams at TU Delft will further amplify its impact, particularly in important areas such as sustainability.

Incorporating living cells into a non-living matrix is one of the many possible steps that can be undertaken to stop climate change. Especially, photosynthetic organisms have a promising future in material design as they can capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and ’ breathe’ oxygen. This research dives into unravelling the properties of a hydrogel-based living material containing C. reinhardtii. To facilitate a systematic exploration, this goal was divided into three smaller pieces. Firstly, the study delves into the mechanical characteristics, aiming to identify the most suitable bio-ink crosslink technique and composition. To validate the mechanical properties the living material was subjected to rheology and a bridging test. Concluded can be that crosslinking and algae growth improve the mechanical stability of the material, whereas, gelatin did not. The sagging behaviour of the material looked promising. Secondly, the photosynthetic activity of this living material was researched. It was found that the rise of O2 levels can not be measured accurately, the non-living matrix can release a high amount of CO2 of over 20.000 ppm and airtightness poses a complex challenge in this field of research. Lastly, the project incorporates attempts to find effective techniques for studying the livingness of this unique material. In this part of the research, inverted optical microscopy, 3D laser scanning microscopy and chlorophyll extraction were discarded as suitable methods to study the livingness of the algae material. It was proven that leveraging the autofluorescence of the algal chlorophyll confocal laser scanning microscopy gives high-resolution images and the livingness of this living material could be studied with this technique in the near future. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of this hydrogel-based living material and its many challenging properties. It underscores the importance of innovative materials like these in addressing contemporary environmental challenges, particularly in carbon capture. Moreover, it highlights the complexity of characterizing such materials, paving the way for further exploration and development in this relatively new field.