This paper describes a project that is part of NL-LAB, a larger, long-term program at Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, which aims to establish the predictive capacity of the current European functional tests for Dutch asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. In this NL-LAB program, the functional characteristics of resistance to rutting (EN 12697-25), fatigue (EN 12679-24), stiffness (EN 12697-26), and moisture sensitivity (EN 12697-12 and EN 12697-23) are determined for specimens that are (a) mixed and compacted in the lab, (b) mixed in the plant and compacted in the lab, and (c) mixed in the plant and compacted in the road. Eventually, these tests will provide insight into the effect of mixing and compaction on the functional characteristics. The project described in this paper focused on the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and the triaxial cyclic compression test for two AC mixes. The properties found for all three stages of preparation were analyzed with the use of formalistic expressions from the NCHRP Design Guide 1-37A, Level 2, for the estimation of performance indicators. This project aimed to see if these relations remained valid for the Comité Européen de Normalisation tests, especially for mixes with high recycled asphalt pavement content. In the Netherlands, 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement is standard. It was found that the NCHRP Design Guide 1-37A expressions fit the Comité Européen de Normalisation test data quite well for the reclaimed asphalt pavement that contained mixes, especially for the ITS. Currently, another two construction projects are being sampled, and the results will be used to validate and improve the relations.@en

Sinds 2008 werken we in Nederland met functionele eigenschappen voor asfalt beton. Hierbij wordt niet zo zeer op het “recept” van het asfalt gestuurd, als wel op de eigenschappen ervan die van belang zijn voor het gedrag in de weg. Binnen het NL-LAB programma wordt de relatie tussen deze functionele eigenschappen en het gedrag in de weg gevalideerd. Hierbij wordt ook gekeken naar de invloed van mengen en verdichten op de functionele eigenschappen. Binnen dit programma is er voor de eerste twee projecten gekeken naar de relatie tussen de mengselsamenstelling en de indirecte treksterkte en weerstand tegen permanente vervorming. Dergelijke relaties zijn in de historie van de wegenbouw vaker met succes gebruikt. Veranderingen in proeven, materialen, mengselsamenstelling en gebruikscondities vragen echter om validatie en calibratie. Het meest recente stelsel van relaties tussen samenstelling en functionele eigenschappen is dat van de Mechanistic Empirical Design Guide. In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven hoe deze relatie worden gebruikt als uitgangspunt voor het koppelen van mengselsamenstelling van twee AC mengsels aan de indirecte treksterkte (ongeconditioneerd) en de weerstand tegen permanente vervorming. Hierbij wordt ook gekeken of het effect van mengen en verdichten zichtbaar is in de data.@en

In the Netherlands, the functional approach described in the 2008 European Asphalt Concrete standards was selected, specifying mixtures by their stiffness, fatigue resistance, permanent deformation, moisture sensitivity and limited composition data. The requirements for the functional specifications were based on the existing experience with a large number of mixes. Since the introduction of the standards, unexpected developments like improved performance in all functional tests with increasing RAP content, led to questions about the predictive quality of the laboratory determined functional characteristics for field performance and the potential causes of a mis-match between lab and practice. These questions led to a large, long term project in the Netherlands (NL-LAB) in which the functional characteristics are determined in the process of construction projects. They are determined on (I) material mixed and compacted in the lab, (II) mixed in the plant and compacted in the lab and (III) mixed in the plant and compacted in the road. These tests will eventually provide insight in the effect of mixing and compaction. The pavement sections are monitored in time, to allow the link with pavement performance. The sections will be sampled during their service life to see changes occur in their functional properties. For the road industry, that tries to guarantee pavement performance by accurate selection of materials, the possibility of design information based on both laboratory and in situ results would be beneficial. Two mixes for base layers with different mix compositions and amounts of RAP are analysed using formalistic expressions originating from Design Guide Level II for estimation of various performance indicators. This project uses expressions to analyse the differences between the mixes in the three cases described above. It addresses the possibility of utilizing these expressions during preliminary mix design to guide the selection of mix composition parameters towards a desired optimum.@en

De interface van een band van een auto en de weg is belangrijk voor de verschillende interacties. In termen van verkeersveiligheid is stroefheid is een belangrijke factor. Voor de weg is dit niet alleen aanvangsstroefheid, maar ook ontwikkeling van stroefheid is belangrijk. Dit geldt ook voor grip van de band. Sinds 2012 zijn bandenleveranciers in de EU verplicht om gegevens te verstrekken met betrekking tot de prestaties van hun banden door middel van testresultaten. Dit wordt weergegeven in een Europese bandenlabel. Het bandenlabel geeft informatie over rolweerstand, grip op nat wegdek of stroefheid en geluidsemissie. In de toekomst zou een dergelijk systeem kunnen worden toegepast op wegen. In dergelijke situatie is het niet wenselijk dat er (dure) testvakken worden gebouwd om de bovenstaande eigenschappen te evalueren. Er bestaat een behoefte aan nauwkeurige laboratorium testapparatuur om dergelijke tests op kleine schaal uit te voeren. De huidige beschikbare testapparatuur is niet voldoende geschikt om de interactie tussen snelheid, contactspanning en temperatuur op stroefheid te evalueren. Een optimale band kan alleen worden ontwikkeld met een representatieve wegdek en een optimale wegdek kan alleen worden ontwikkeld met een representatieve band. In het kader van het EU FP7 project SKIDSAFE, is een Skid Resistance & Smart Ravelling Interface Testing Device (SR-ITD®) ontworpen en gebouwd voor de studie van de invloed en de interactie van de verschillende verschijnselen, die zich op de rubber-wegdek interface afspelen. Het apparaat is ontwikkeld om in het laboratorium op een snelle en efficiënte wijze materialen te testen en te evalueren. De materialen zijn zowel het rubber van een band als wegdekmaterialen. Met dit apparaat is het ook mogelijk om de rafelingsweerstand van een wegoppervlak te evalueren. Deze bijdrage zal de ontwikkeling en het gebruik van de machine tot op heden beschrijven.@en

In order to specify possible weaknesses in the pavement and road design in relation to future changes in traffic, transport and climate change, Rijkswaterstaat will conduct a nationwide research of the bearing capacity and pavement design of its highways. A large fraction of the Dutch highway network was constructed in 1960-1970s. Since then the pavement area increased from 20% to 80% of its current area (approx. 85 km2). One of the challenges is maintaining the Dutch Primary Road Network in optimal condition and guarantee safe and unhindered passage of traffic and goods. Hence, Rijkswaterstaat has started a large research project inventorying the maintenance challenges in the period 2020-2030. This research is a multiannual project. Its goals are assessing the current state of the Dutch highways (bearing capacity and risks of smaller culverts), plus anticipating to the effects of climate change and traffic intensities/loads in the coming decade. This paper informs on the background, setup of the research, our collaboration with international partners and the primary results of employing in-motion deflectometers on the Dutch Primary Road Network. Furthermore it presents the research programme and planning in the period 2016-2019.@en

In order to specify possible weaknesses in the pavement and road design in relation to future changes in traffic, transport and climate change, Rijkswaterstaat will conduct a nationwide research of the bearing capacity and pavement design of its highways. A large fraction of the Dutch highway network was constructed in 1960-1970s. Since then the pavement area increased from 20% to 80% of its current area (approx. 85 km2). One of the challenges is maintaining the Dutch Primary Road Network in optimal condition and guarantee safe and unhindered passage of traffic and goods. Hence, Rijkswaterstaat has started a large research project inventorying the maintenance challenges in the period 2020-2030. This research is a multiannual project. Its goals are assessing the current state of the Dutch highways (bearing capacity and risks of smaller culverts), plus anticipating to the effects of climate change and traffic intensities/loads in the coming decade. This paper informs on the background, setup of the research, our collaboration with international partners and the primary results of employing in-motion deflectometers on the Dutch Primary Road Network. Furthermore it presents the research programme and planning in the period 2016-2019.@en

In order to specify possible weaknesses in the pavement and road design in relation to future changes in traffic, transport and climate change, Rijkswaterstaat will conduct a nationwide research of the bearing capacity and pavement design of its highways. A large fraction of the Dutch highway network was constructed in 1960-1970s. Since then the pavement area increased from 20% to 80% of its current area (approx. 85 km2). One of the challenges is maintaining the Dutch Primary Road Network in optimal condition and guarantee safe and unhindered passage of traffic and goods. Hence, Rijkswaterstaat has started a large research project inventorying the maintenance challenges in the period 2020-2030. This research is a multiannual project. Its goals are assessing the current state of the Dutch highways (bearing capacity and risks of smaller culverts), plus anticipating to the effects of climate change and traffic intensities/loads in the coming decade. This paper informs on the background, setup of the research, our collaboration with international partners and the primary results of employing in-motion deflectometers on the Dutch Primary Road Network. Furthermore it presents the research programme and planning in the period 2016-2019.@en