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Niklas Magnusson
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5 records found
1
Journal article
(2018)
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Asger Bech Abrahamsen, Dong Liu, Dennis Karwatzki, Axel Mertens, Max Parker, Stephen Finney, Henk Polinder, Niklas Magnusson, Arwyn Thomas, Ziad Azar, Ewoud Stehouwer, Ben Hendriks, Gerrit-Jan Van Zinderen, Fujin Deng, Zhe Chen
A method for comparing the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) of different superconducting drive trains is introduced. The properties of a 10-MW MgB2 superconducting direct-drive generator and the cost break down of the nacelle components are presented and scaled up to a turbine with a rotor diameter of up to 280 m. The partial load efficiency of the generator is evaluated for a constant cooling power of 0, 50, and 100 kW, and the annual energy production is used to determine the impact on the LCoE.
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A method for comparing the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) of different superconducting drive trains is introduced. The properties of a 10-MW MgB2 superconducting direct-drive generator and the cost break down of the nacelle components are presented and scaled up to a turbine with a rotor diameter of up to 280 m. The partial load efficiency of the generator is evaluated for a constant cooling power of 0, 50, and 100 kW, and the annual energy production is used to determine the impact on the LCoE.
Abstract
(2017)
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Asger Bech Abrahamsen, Dong Liu, R.E. .Clark, F. Deng, Z Chen, D. Karwatzki, A. Mertens, M. Parker, SJ Finney, H. Polinder, Niklas Magnusson, A Thomas, Azar Z., Ewoud Stehouwer, E Hendriks, A. Penzkofer, K Atallah, R.R. Dragan
Innovative drive trains targeted at 10-20 MW offshore turbines are investigated in the INNWIND.EU project in order to determine the impact on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) resulting when installed in the ,North sea at 50 m of water [1]. The two main technologies studied are superconducting direct drive (SCDD)[2] and the magnetic pseudo direct drive (PDD) [3] generators, which are both capable to providing compact drive trains with low weight and a small number of moving parts compared to a gearbox based drive train (see figure 1a). Superconducting field coils are used to provide the torque in the direct drive generators, where the armature windings are based on conventional copper wire and magnetic steel laminates operated at ambient temperature. Magnetic pseudo direct drive generators consist of a magnetic gearbox made of an inner free rotor (rotating at a geared up speed to the blade input) and an intermediate drive rotor inserted into an outer static armature winding, where the electricity is harvested.
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Innovative drive trains targeted at 10-20 MW offshore turbines are investigated in the INNWIND.EU project in order to determine the impact on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) resulting when installed in the ,North sea at 50 m of water [1]. The two main technologies studied are superconducting direct drive (SCDD)[2] and the magnetic pseudo direct drive (PDD) [3] generators, which are both capable to providing compact drive trains with low weight and a small number of moving parts compared to a gearbox based drive train (see figure 1a). Superconducting field coils are used to provide the torque in the direct drive generators, where the armature windings are based on conventional copper wire and magnetic steel laminates operated at ambient temperature. Magnetic pseudo direct drive generators consist of a magnetic gearbox made of an inner free rotor (rotating at a geared up speed to the blade input) and an intermediate drive rotor inserted into an outer static armature winding, where the electricity is harvested.
Journal article
(2017)
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Dong Liu, Henk Polinder, Asger Bech Abrahamsen, Ewoud Stehouwer, Ben Hendriks, Niklas Magnusson
A direct-drive superconducting generator (DDSCG) is proposed for 10 MW wind turbines in the INNWIND.EU project. To fit the generator into the ``king-pin'' conceptual nacelle design, the generator structure with inner stationary superconducting (SC) field winding and outer rotating copper armature winding is investigated in the first research phase. Since the cost is an important performance indicator for this application, this paper presents a method to minimize the active material cost of the ``king-pin'' fitted DDSCG. In this method a relatively fast optimization program is developed with 2D non-linear finite element models. By implementing this method, three typical superconducting generator topologies are compared in terms of the active material cost and mass, the synchronous reactance and the phase resistance. The optimization method and the comparison results provide the DDSCG designers with a guideline for selecting a suitable machine topology.
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A direct-drive superconducting generator (DDSCG) is proposed for 10 MW wind turbines in the INNWIND.EU project. To fit the generator into the ``king-pin'' conceptual nacelle design, the generator structure with inner stationary superconducting (SC) field winding and outer rotating copper armature winding is investigated in the first research phase. Since the cost is an important performance indicator for this application, this paper presents a method to minimize the active material cost of the ``king-pin'' fitted DDSCG. In this method a relatively fast optimization program is developed with 2D non-linear finite element models. By implementing this method, three typical superconducting generator topologies are compared in terms of the active material cost and mass, the synchronous reactance and the phase resistance. The optimization method and the comparison results provide the DDSCG designers with a guideline for selecting a suitable machine topology.
Journal article
(2016)
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Dong Liu, Henk Polinder, Niklas Magnusson, Joost Schellevis, Asger Bech Abrahamsen
Superconducting (SC) synchronous generators are proposed as a promising candidate for 10–20-MW direct-drive wind turbines because they can have low weights and small sizes. A common way of designing an SC machine is to use SC wires with high current-carrying capability in the dc field winding and the ac armature winding is made with copper conductors. In such generators, the dc field winding is exposed to ac magnetic field ripples due to space harmonics from the armature. In generator design phases, the ac loss caused by these ripple fields needs to be evaluated to avoid local overheating and an excessive cooling budget. To determine the applicability of different design solutions in terms of ac losses, this paper estimates the ac loss level of 10-MW wind generator designs employing a MgB2 SC field winding. The effects on ac losses are compared between nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic teeth with different numbers of slots per pole per phase. The necessity of an electromagnetic shield is then discussed based on the obtained loss levels. The results show that the total ac loss is so small that ferromagnetic teeth can be applied in the generator design without using an electromagnetic shield.
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Superconducting (SC) synchronous generators are proposed as a promising candidate for 10–20-MW direct-drive wind turbines because they can have low weights and small sizes. A common way of designing an SC machine is to use SC wires with high current-carrying capability in the dc field winding and the ac armature winding is made with copper conductors. In such generators, the dc field winding is exposed to ac magnetic field ripples due to space harmonics from the armature. In generator design phases, the ac loss caused by these ripple fields needs to be evaluated to avoid local overheating and an excessive cooling budget. To determine the applicability of different design solutions in terms of ac losses, this paper estimates the ac loss level of 10-MW wind generator designs employing a MgB2 SC field winding. The effects on ac losses are compared between nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic teeth with different numbers of slots per pole per phase. The necessity of an electromagnetic shield is then discussed based on the obtained loss levels. The results show that the total ac loss is so small that ferromagnetic teeth can be applied in the generator design without using an electromagnetic shield.
Topologies of superconducting direct drive wind turbine generators are based on a combination of superconducting wires wound into field coils, copper armature windings, steel laminates to shape the magnetic flux density and finally structural materials as support. But what is the most optimal topology for superconducting wind turbine generators? This question is investigated by assuming some unit cost of the different materials and then minimizing the cost of the active materials of a 10 MW and 9.65 rpm direct drive wind turbine generator intended to be mounted in front of the INNWIND.EU King-Pin concept nacelle. A series of topologies are investigate by adding more iron components to the generator, such as rotor back iron, field winding pole, magnetic teeth and armature back iron. This method is used to investigate 6 topologies and to determine the optimal cost of the different topologies by using the current cost of 4 ∈/m for the MgB2 wire from Columbus Superconductors and also a possible future cost of 1 ∈/m if a superconducting offshore wind power capacity of 10 GW has been introduced by 2030 as suggested in a roadmap. The obtained topologies are compared to what is expected from a permanent magnet direct drive generators and the further development directions are discussed. Finally an experimental INNWIND.EU demonstration showing that the current commercial MgB2 wires can be wound into functional field coils for wind turbine generators is discussed.
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Topologies of superconducting direct drive wind turbine generators are based on a combination of superconducting wires wound into field coils, copper armature windings, steel laminates to shape the magnetic flux density and finally structural materials as support. But what is the most optimal topology for superconducting wind turbine generators? This question is investigated by assuming some unit cost of the different materials and then minimizing the cost of the active materials of a 10 MW and 9.65 rpm direct drive wind turbine generator intended to be mounted in front of the INNWIND.EU King-Pin concept nacelle. A series of topologies are investigate by adding more iron components to the generator, such as rotor back iron, field winding pole, magnetic teeth and armature back iron. This method is used to investigate 6 topologies and to determine the optimal cost of the different topologies by using the current cost of 4 ∈/m for the MgB2 wire from Columbus Superconductors and also a possible future cost of 1 ∈/m if a superconducting offshore wind power capacity of 10 GW has been introduced by 2030 as suggested in a roadmap. The obtained topologies are compared to what is expected from a permanent magnet direct drive generators and the further development directions are discussed. Finally an experimental INNWIND.EU demonstration showing that the current commercial MgB2 wires can be wound into functional field coils for wind turbine generators is discussed.