IT-induced public sector transformation investigates the organizational changes that are undertaken to transform public administrations using information technology (IT). While IT made governments more efficient, it is unclear whether it will also make them more effective in creating public value for citizens and businesses. This study investigates the outcomes of IT-induced transformation and the factors that influence these outcomes. It finds that transformed organizations do not emerge on the short term; IT-induced transformation often remains a promise of IT projects rather than an outcome. Instead of realizing organizational change, governments focus on setting up governance. While many of the public sector IT-projects traditionally aim to improve service delivery to citizens and businesses, in practice, they more often create better enforcement and control for government organizations.