One of the pillars of the scientific method is the fact that all scientific predictions and explanations of phenomena in the universe are testable. Testing in the context of physics involves the action of measuring. Thus, the measurement process plays an important role in physics. While classically we all understand the idea of measurement in a very straightforward fashion, in quantum mechanics the concept of measurement departs fromour everyday experience in physics. In fact, although the quantum measurement obeys rather simple rules, its interpretation has been a subject of discussion since the beginning of the 20th century. Some of the physics involved in the process of a quantum measurement have no classical analogues, challenging in this way our intuition: the famous paradox of a cat in a box is a clear example of this.

We address the statistics of continuous weak linear measurement on a few-state quantum system that is subject to a conditioned quantum evolution. For a conditioned evolution, both the initial and final states of the system are fixed: the latter is achieved by the postselection in the end of the evolution. The statistics may drastically differ from the nonconditioned case, and the interference between initial and final states can be observed in the probability distributions of measurement outcomes as well as in the average values exceeding the conventional range of nonconditioned averages. We develop a proper formalism to compute the distributions of measurement outcomes, and evaluate and discuss the distributions in experimentally relevant setups. We demonstrate the manifestations of the interference between initial and final states in various regimes. We consider analytically simple examples of nontrivial probability distributions. We reveal peaks (or dips) at half-quantized values of the measurement outputs. We discuss in detail the case of zero overlap between initial and final states demonstrating anomalously big average outputs and sudden jump in time-integrated output. We present and discuss the numerical evaluation of the probability distribution aiming at extending the analytical results and describing a realistic experimental situation of a qubit in the regime of resonant fluorescence.