During the operation of the belt conveyor, measuring speed of the belt conveyor is vital to the safe and efficient operation. In the existing measuring speed system, the measurement instrument is required contacting with the surface of the belt. The contact measurement method cannot avoid the occurrence of measuring error caused by slipping on the contact surface and wear of the measurement instrument. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, a new contactless measuring speed system is proposed in this paper. The system uses the CCD camera to capture the side image of belt. The speed of belt conveyor can be obtained by measuring the regularity of image texture. The proposed measuring system can meet the requirement of measuring speed in long running process of belt conveyor. Experimental results show that the measuring accuracy indicators can reach RMSE of 0.018 m/s and MAE of 0.010 m/s.@en

Train unit routing problem determines the number of train units needed to carry out involved trips, which is a significant part of railway operation cost. In this paper, we focus on high-speed train unit routing problems, in which maintenance resource constraints both on time and distance are taken into account. Based on a connection network, this paper first proposes a general train unit routing model. Then, the general model is specialized to meet the circulation and maintenance conditions of high-speed train units in China, which is based on a special connection network with a two-day time horizon. A strategy is proposed to reduce the scale of the connection network, which improves the model's solvability. Furthermore, an extension on multi-depot train unit routing problem is discussed. Finally, numerical experiments based on the real data of Chinese high-speed railway are carried out to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed mode and method.@en