The wastewater chain of Amsterdam offers an opportunity to recover up to 100% of phosphorus per year, versus 47% currently recovered. However, for the stakeholders of Amsterdam (e.g. citizens, business) it remains difficult to scale-up existing solutions for resource recovery. Mainly, due to the limitations of the widelyused methods (e.g. mass flow, life-cycle analysis) to provide holistic assessment of the solutions and the changes they will propagate outside the wastewater chain (e.g. solid waste). In the current study, three existing phosphorus recovery Solutions applied at three scales of Amsterdam (city, neighborhood, house) were analyzed. The study showed that the house scale closed-loop solution has higher positive influence on resilience of the city. Moreover, the DSM indicators could be used to measure resilience of the city and constituent parts, given an influence of a specific Solution. The developed toolkit is applicable for analysis of other resources in the wastewater of Amsterdam.@en

The wastewater system of Amsterdam offers an opportunity to recover phosphorus, and contribute to circular economy. However, it remains unclear where to intervene in system to maximize recovery and valorisation in a resilient and feasible way. The Design Structure Matrix method was tested to define the system architecture from Food-Water-Energy nexus perspective. Physical, phosphorus, and ownership dependencies between Infrastructure, Stakeholder, Resource and Cleantech domains (elements) of the wastewater system in Amsterdam are analyzed in a Multi-Domain Matrix model. Change Propagation Indicator quantified critical elements, and emergent changes. An Influence Profile unveiled four levels of system leverage: household, neighborhood, city-block, region. The stakeholders can engage into optimizations at each level, to generate individual and shared benefits. Hybrid infrastructure, plug&play solutions and modular approach to cleantech will harness up to 100% of phosphorus available. The method proved to be an effective tool for analysing complexity and engineering resilient solutions for the circular economy.@en