The electrification of transportation has emerged as a key focus area over the past decade, driven by the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) and supportive governmental policies. Conventional EV charging solutions, while foundational, face notable challenges such as high infrastructure costs, low flexibility, and underutilization. Simultaneously, emerging transportation modes such as autonomous vehicles, shared mobility, modular systems, and aerial vehicles, introduce additional complexities, demanding more innovative charging solutions. This review emphasizes the potential of charge-on-the-move systems referred to as dynamic charging, as a transformative approach to address these challenges. Dynamic charging enables EVs to recharge while in motion, presenting opportunities to minimize battery sizes, reduce emissions, and optimize operational efficiency. The study critically evaluates state-of-the-art dynamic charging technologies, including their benefits, limitations, and applicability to future mobility systems, while also comparing these solutions based on infrastructure costs, readiness, and scalability. The findings suggest that the future of EV charging will likely involve a hybrid approach, integrating both conventional and dynamic solutions. Key priorities for advancing dynamic charging include developing optimization models for infrastructure deployment, finding the balance between battery size and battery life, establishing interoperability standards, and enhancing energy transfer efficiency while ensuring safety and sustainability. By addressing these research challenges, dynamic charging systems have the potential to redefine EV infrastructure and support the broader transition to sustainable and efficient mobility ecosystems. This review serves as a guide for researchers and planners seeking to align charging technologies with evolving transportation needs.

Recent advances in battery technologies and a global push for greener transport have accelerated the development of electrified public transportation systems. Such systems often face challenges due to the need for large battery capacities and the high costs associated with conventional charging infrastructure. This study examines the potential of Mobile Autonomous Charging Pods (MAPs), which are autonomous charging vehicles, as an innovative solution to enhance both the efficiency and costeffectiveness of electric bus operations in urban environments. Using the case of inner-city trunk bus lines in Stockholm and employing a microscopic simulation-based study, three charging scenarios are evaluated: depot charging only, depot combined with end-station charging, and depot plus MAP charging. The results indicate that the integration of MAPs can significantly reduce the required battery capacities and associated infrastructure costs while enhancing the reliability of the service. By facilitating dynamic, on-the-go charging, MAPs offer a sustainable and economically viable alternative for urban electric bus networks.