Een onderzoek naar de politieke, maatschappelijke en stilistische rol van architectonische stijl op de wereldtentoonstelling in Chicago in 1893. Dit onderzoek gaat specifiek in op de keuze voor de neoclassicistische stijl voor de White City en de gevolgen die dit op de architectuurgeschiedenis van de Verenigde Staten heeft gehad.

Green spaces are of great relevance today as climate change and the current pandemic highlight the need for more nature in the urban realm. The environmental, psychological and economical benefits of green space in rapid urban densification is clearly evident and increasingly, green is (re)introduced in cities. Private, public or collective green spaces are also strong enablers for civic engagement. The focus of extant research has mainly been on public or private green spaces while collective green spaces seem less investigated. This thesis endeavours to join different disciplines connecting collective green spaces, linking these to spaces in Amsterdam built in the late 19th, early 20th century, and investigates if use has changed over the last century. Three characteristics were identified used for the analysis of collective green spaces: ownership, accessibility and sociability. The case studies investigated are: Vondelpark, Bellamyplein and Zaanhof. The analysis shows that ownership has indeed changed over the last century, but that accessibility and sociability remained relatively similar, within the historical boundaries and zeitgeist of the different periods. Ownership changed from private to public as maintenance could not be afforded anymore and municipalities controlled urban planning. Collective green spaces were designed to bring residents together, providing play areas for children and to enjoy nature individually or together; this is still very accurate 100 years later. While this research has made a small contribution to the research canon, further research could investigate additional characteristics and expand the number of collective green spaces in Amsterdam, the Netherlands or internationally.

The Guggenheim museum in Bilbao had an important influence on the economical growth of the city and the redevelopment of a industrial area in the city, referred to as the Bilbao Effect. Later, other cities tried a similar approach in the redevelopment of city areas, of which the redevelopment of het Eilandje in Antwerp is an example.In literature the definitions provided for the term Bilbao effect often focus on the Guggenheim museum, its aesthetics and influence of the building. However, the museum was part of a larger masterplan to redevelop Bilbao after a industrial decline. This thesis will elaborate on the masterplans used to redevelop the industrial areas in both Bilbao and Antwerp. While these redevelopments handle former industrial areas with little green, the focus will be on the implementation of greenery in the masterplans and the contribution to the redevelopment. Both primary and secondary sources are used to research this topic. The primary research consists of an interview with Filip Smits, who has been involved in the redevelopment for het Eilandje in Antwerp. The secondary research consists of literature research on the history, masterplans, green structure plans and key elements of the redevelopment in Bilbao and Antwerp.