Rapid hydropower development is taking place in the Mekong river, which is expected to change the natural river regime. Because of the ecological and economical importance of the Mekong delta, the effects of these changes could have large consequences in the delta area. This research focuses on the hydrodynamical processes and assesses potential risks of changes to these processes, caused by hydropower development, could have on the ecology and socio-economy. Furthermore, a number of mitigation measures in the delta have been proposed to reduce the potential risks.