Madrid is losing its cultural identity in the historical centre. Two neighbourhoods, in particular, are under significant pressure; La Latina and Lavapies. The city is at risk of losing the rich culture these neighbourhoods contribute, while problems such as gentrification, globalisation and global heating threaten them. This research aims to prevent the cultural identities from disappearing from the centre through architectural interventions. Using the research-by-design method, various architectural interventions are considered and tested for their physical and psychological qualities. The findings will lead to suggestive solutions that can be applied by architects during the design process.