In this work, we have used cyclic voltammetry to investigate the interfacial behavior of cocaine cutting agents at the electrified liquid-liquid interface formed between a solution of the water and 1,2-dichloroethane phases. Among 27 chemical species used to adulterate cocaine street samples, only 8 were detectable in the available potential window. These include procaine, lidocaine, levamisole, hydroxyzine, caffeine, phenylethylamine, diltiazem, and diphenhydramine. From the calibration curves obtained using voltammetric data, we have extracted the electroanalytical parameters such as detection sensitivities, limits of detection, and limits of quantifications. Also, for each electrochemically active drug, we have calculated diffusion coefficients and plotted the ion partition and concentration fraction diagrams. All this information is discussed in a view of the cocaine sensors development focused on its detection from demanding matrix defined by the street samples composition.

While the formation of (tri)block copolymer hydrogels has been extensively investigated, such studies mostly focused on equilibrium self-assembling whereas the use of preformed structures as building blocks such as out of equilibrium, quenched, nanofibrillar micelles is still a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that quenched, ultralong polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) micelles can be used as robust precursors of hydrogels. Two cross-linking strategies, (i) thermal fusion of micellar cores and (ii) chemical cross-linking of preformed micellar coronas were studied. The gelation process and the structure of the micellar networks were investigated by in situ rheological measurements, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Direct observation of core fusion of preformed quenched micelles is provided validating this method as a robust gelation route. Using time sweep rheological experiments, it was found for both cross-linking methods that these 3D "mikado" gels are formed in three different stages, containing (1) initiation, (2) transition (growth), and (3) stabilization regimes.

Electroactive materials and their applications are enjoying renewed attention, in no small part motivated by the advent of nanoscale tools for their preparation and study. While the fundamentals of charge and mass transport in electrolytes on this scale are by and large well understood, their interplay can have subtle manifestations in the more complex situations typical of, for example, integrated microfluidics-based applications. In particular, the role of faradaic processes is often overlooked or, at best, purposefully suppressed via experimental design. In this introductory article we discuss, using simple illustrations from our laboratories, some of the manifestations of electrochemistry in electroactive materials.

A novel and facile approach to fabricating well-organized macroscopic 2D networks of cylindrical micelles is reported, based on transfer printing and thermal welding of aligned supramolecular micelles of block copolymers. This versatile approach provides a new strategy for fabricating functional 2D superstructures with a higher level of order.

We present an approach which makes it possible to directly determine the bending modulus of single elongated block copolymer micelles. This is done by forming arrays of suspended micelles onto microfabricated substrates and by performing three-point bending flexural tests, using an atomic force microscope, on their suspended portions. By coupling the direct atomic force microscopy measurements with differential scanning calorimetry data, we show that the presence of a crystalline corona strongly increases the modulus of the copolymer elongated micelles. This large increase suggests that crystallites in the corona are larger and more uniformly oriented due to confinement effects. Our findings together with this hypothesis open new interesting avenues for the preparation of core-templated polymer fibres with enhanced mechanical properties.