Cities are growing, leading to challenges to keep cities sustainable, liveable and accessible. In Europe, passenger mobility is focused on personal car usage, making parking availability an essential and challenging subject in development projects. The required parking capacity i
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Cities are growing, leading to challenges to keep cities sustainable, liveable and accessible. In Europe, passenger mobility is focused on personal car usage, making parking availability an essential and challenging subject in development projects. The required parking capacity is determined based on parking standards, indicating the minimum number of spots developers need to construct. High parking standards result in an oversupply of parking places in urban areas. Literature advocates to implement context-specific parking standards that depend on the local conditions of the residential area. However, these studies neglect the visitor parking standards while in practice an oversupply is often observed. This research aims to identify factors that explain the visitor parking demand and what this means for the visitor parking standards. The developed conceptual framework showed that visitor parking demand depends on the demographic characteristics of the visitor, the geographic and policy factors at the residential area of the visitor and the demographic, geographic and policy characteristics at the residential area of the host. The usage of visitor parking permits in Eindhoven was used as a proxy for visitor parking demand to estimate a multiple regression model. The results showed that age, population density, distance to the city centre, housing characteristics, accessibility to public transport, and parking supply at the residential area of the host influence visitor parking demand significantly. Characteristics of the visitor and policy factors at the parking area could not be considered due to lacking data. The results show that visitor parking standards could be determined based on the local conditions of the parking area rather than as a fixed standard applied in all development projects.